Purification of High Salinity Brine by Multi-Stage Ion Concentration Polarization Desalination

Abstract

There is an increasing need for the desalination of high concentration brine (>TDS 35,000 ppm) efficiently and economically, either for the treatment of produced water from shale gas/oil development, or minimizing the environmental impact of brine from existing desalination plants. Yet, reverse osmosis (RO), which is the most widely used for desalination currently, is not practical for brine desalination. This paper demonstrates technical and economic feasibility of ICP (Ion Concentration Polarization) electrical desalination for the high saline water treatment, by adopting multi-stage operation with better energy efficiency. Optimized multi-staging configurations, dependent on the brine salinity values, can be designed based on experimental and numerical analysis. Such an optimization aims at achieving not just the energy efficiency but also (membrane) area efficiency, lowering the true cost of brine treatment. ICP electrical desalination is shown here to treat brine salinity up to 100,000 ppm of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) with flexible salt rejection rate up to 70% which is promising in a various application treating brine waste. We also demonstrate that ICP desalination has advantage of removing both salts and diverse suspended solids simultaneously, and less susceptibility to membrane fouling/scaling, which is a significant challenge in the membrane processes.

The enhancement of black liquor treatment by applying a natural flocculant and converting its sludge to a high‐benefit product

“…The general parameters of wastewater are important to investigate because they can guide the technical team to consider another process in wastewater treatment to ensure that they achieve the standard of wastewater that can be released into the surrounding waters. For example, if the COD and other parameters, except salinity, have achieved the standard characteristic of the discharged wastewater, the best process to conduct should be the process that involves a membrane such as reverse osmosis or a filtration (nano, ultra, or micro) method since it is already discussed elsewhere as the best and most economical method in removing 99 % of dissolved salt from brine water that has 35 000 mg/L TDS value . The same framework is applied to other parameters in evaluating and determining the next possible treatment.…”

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

“…The MSF method is performed at each step by lowering the pressure and producing some amount of steam that will be distilled at the same stage. Conveniently, the amount of seawater recovered by this method is about 10-30% (Kim et al 2016) (Fig. 14).…”

Cation‐Specific Electrokinetic Separations Using Prussian Blue Intercalation Reactions

“…[20] Additionally, utilizing ICP has gained significant interest for labon-a-chip applications, including: separation of charged analytes, [21][22][23] high-voltage fluidic diodes, [24] manipulation of charged analytes in microdroplets, [9] and microfluidic mixing. [25][26][27] The electric field gradient associated with ICP has also been used for dielectrophoresis of cells, [14,28,29] salt water desalination, [17,[30][31][32] and analyte enrichment. [33] Analytes such as charged fluorophores, [1,34,35] microparticles, [23,36] and proteins [37,38] have all been enriched, with up to a million-fold enrichment factor in one case.…”