Purification of carbon nanofibers with hydrogen peroxide

Choi, Weon‐Kyung; Park, Soo-Gil; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Cho, Tae-Hwan

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(03)00081-x

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The purification of CNF is very essential since the untreated CNF may contain various impurities such as amorphous carbon, incompletely grown carbon, catalytic metals and other carbon nanoparticles. These impurities need to be removed from the surface of CNF without damaging its structure [14]. After purification, the effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the morphology of filler particles was observed through FESEM images at a magnification of 25,000x and shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Performance of PPOdm-CNF Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

Murugiah¹,

Oh²,

Lau³

2018

INT. J. AUTOMOT. MECH. ENG.

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Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) is one of the most promising candidate among the available gas separation application for CO2/CH4 separation in natural gas industries. However, the fabrication of a defect-free MMM remains a challenge. For this work, a novel MMM was developed by incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNF) at different weight loadings into poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-pheneylene oxide) (PPOdm) polymer matrix via dry-phase inversion technique. CNF was purified with hydrogen peroxide prior to membrane fabrication. Approximately 178 % increment in the CO2 permeability were attained at 3 wt% of CNF loading whereas the CO2/CH4 selectivity were increased by 53 % compared to pristine PPOdm polymeric membrane. The smooth wall of CNF coupled with its larger pore diameter acted as a pathway and renders high gas permeability values. PPOdm-3 wt% CNF MMM exhibits improved morphology with no significant filler agglomeration on the polymer matrix. The TGA and DSC analysis showed that at 3 wt% of CNF loading, the thermal stability of the polymer chains was enhanced in which higher decomposition (Td = 425 ºC) and glass transition (Tg =210 ºC) temperatures were reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNF is purified via a simple purification procedure as reported elsewhere [14] before incorporating it on the polymer matrix. Initially, 50 mg of CNF were introduced into 300 ml of H2O2.…”

Section: Cnf Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of PPOdm-CNF Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

Murugiah¹,

Oh²,

Lau³

2018

INT. J. AUTOMOT. MECH. ENG.

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“…Hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid are commonly used to get rid of amorphous carbonaceous content, whereas mild to strong acids have been employed to remove metallic impurities. The chemical requirements for removing metallic impurities and, hence, their life cycle energy requirements are estimated on the basis of available literature data (Choi et al 2003; Nguyen et al 2003). If we assume that the acid quantity required for continuous purification can be significantly reduced, the calculated amount of hydrochloric acid required for batch purification is reduced by a factor of 100.…”

Section: Process Description and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanofiber Production

Khanna

Bakshi

Lee

2008

J of Industrial Ecology

139

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Keywords:damage indicators energy analysis industrial ecology nanomaterials nanotechnology process life cycle assessment (LCA) SummaryHolistic understanding of nanotechnology using systems analysis tools is essential for evaluating claims about the potential benefits of this emerging technology. This article presents one of the first assessments of the life cycle energy requirements and environmental impact of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) synthesis. Life cycle inventory data are compiled with data reported in the open literature. The results of the study indicate relatively higher life cycle energy requirements and higher environmental impact of CNFs as compared to traditional materials, like primary aluminum, steel, and polypropylene, on an equal mass basis. Life cycle energy requirements for CNFs from a range of feedstock materials are found to be 13 to 50 times that of primary aluminum on an equal mass basis. Similar trends are observed from the results of process life cycle assessment (LCA), as conveyed by different midpoint and endpoint damage indicators. Savings in life cycle energy consumption and, hence, reductions in environmental burden are envisaged if higher process yields of these fibers can be achieved in continuous operations. Since the comparison of CNFs is performed on an equal mass basis with traditional materials, these results cannot be generalized for CNF-based nanoproducts. Quantity of use of these engineered nanomaterials and resulting benefits will decide their energy and environmental impact. Nevertheless, the life cycle inventory and the results of the study can be used for evaluating the environmental performance of specific CNF-based nanoproducts.

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“…Most scientists have successfully explored to modify graphite structure and remove amorphous carbon and metal carbide. They used refluxing acid, peroxide, or oxygen thermal treatment to attach more functional groups which become active sites or anchoring centers for the metal precursors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], at preferred defect sites. Also, Mawhinney et al, 2000, suggested O 3 method for titrating surface defect site density on carbon nanofilaments [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers Treated with Thermal Nitrogen as a Catalyst Support Using Point‐of‐Zero Charge Analysis

Van

Sufian

Mansor

et al. 2014

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The chemical and physical purification of carbon nanofiber exposes more anchoring sites between meal precursors and carbon surface but thermal N2gas flow maintains the crystal’s structure as well as its defect and edge sites, referred to as active sites or anchoring sites. After calcination in nitrogen at 450°C, samples were characterized by Raman spectra X-ray diffraction, as well as thermogravimetric and nitrogen physisorption analyses. Results showed a relatively lower fraction of amorphous carbon to graphite, indicating a greater removal of amorphous carbon. Moreover, the disorder intensity of carbon nanofibers that were treated in N2flow rate of 1 L/min and 3 hours, called 1Gcom-3h sample, achieved far more defect sites compared with unmodified carbon nanofiber. In addition, the surface areas of mesoporous carbon nanofibers decreased over prolonged residence time. The carbon nanofiber support-metal cation interaction therefore improved the deposition of iron when the point-of-zero charge reading was greater than four.

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Purification of carbon nanofibers with hydrogen peroxide

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

The Performance of PPOdm-CNF Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

The Performance of PPOdm-CNF Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO2/CH4 Separation

Carbon Nanofiber Production

Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers Treated with Thermal Nitrogen as a Catalyst Support Using Point‐of‐Zero Charge Analysis

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