PuRe: Robust pupil detection for real-time pervasive eye tracking

Santini, Thiago; Fuhl, Wolfgang; Kasneci, Enkelejda

doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2018.02.002

Cited by 86 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The eye tracking data was recorded with the software EyeRecToo (Santini, Fuhl, Geisler, et al, 2017), and calibration was conducted as proposed in CalibMe . This eye tracking software offers several distinct methods for implementing functionality in the eyetracking pipeline: We configured it with PuRe for pupil detection (Santini, Fuhl, et al, 2018a); with PuReST for pupil tracking (Santini, Fuhl, et al, 2018b); and with Grip for gaze estimation (Santini et al, 2019). After visiting an acclimatization room and the three rooms included in our study (see Figure 1), each participant took part in the subjective mapping task (see Figure 2) and answered the questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The display makes a difference: A mobile eye tracking study on the perception of art before and after a museum’s rearrangement

Reitstätter

Brinkmann

Santini

et al. 2020

JEMR

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There is increasing awareness that the perception of art is affected by the way it is presented. In 2018, the Austrian Gallery Belvedere redisplayed its permanent collection. Our multi-disciplinary team seized this opportunity to investigate the viewing behavior of specific artworks both before and after the museum’s rearrangement. In contrast to previous mobile eye tracking (MET) studies in museums, this study benefits from the comparison of two realistic display conditions (without any research interference), an unconstrained study design (working with regular museum visitors), and a large data sample (comprising 259 participants). We employed a mixed-method approach that combined mobile eye tracking, subjective mapping (a drawing task in conjunction with an open interview), and a questionnaire in order to relate gaze patterns to processes of meaning-making. Our results show that the new display made a difference in that it 1) generally increased the viewing times of the artworks; 2) clearly extended the reading times of labels; and 3) deepened visitors’ engagement with the artworks in their exhibition reflections. In contrast, interest in specific artworks and art form preferences proved to be robust and independent of presentation modes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The display makes a difference: A mobile eye tracking study on the perception of art before and after a museum’s rearrangement

Reitstätter

Brinkmann

Santini

et al. 2020

JEMR

Self Cite

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“…Participants used the Vive controller in their preferred hand to respond to the TTC task. As per the recommendations of Santini et al (2018), only samples with a confidence rating > 0.66 were included in the analysis.…”

Section: Design Stimulus and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visually Induced Motion Sickness on the Horizon

Hemmerich

Keshavarz

Hecht

2020

Front. Virtual Real.

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Visually induced motion sickness is an unpleasant but common side-effect of many simulations and VR-applications. We investigated whether an earth-fixed reference frame provided in the simulation is able to reduce motion sickness. To do so, we created a moving starfield that did not contain any indicators of the spatial orientation of the observer. As the observer was simulated to move through the randomly oscillating starfield, a time-to-contact task had to be carried out. Two colored stars on collision course with each other had to be spotted, then they disappeared and the time of their collision had to be judged. Eye-movements, task performance, and motion sickness were recorded. This condition without visual reference to the observer's upright was supplemented with three conditions containing either an earth-fixed fixation cross, an earth-fixed horizon line, or a line that was yoked to the head. Results show that only the earth-fixed horizon was able to significantly reduce visually induced motion sickness. Thus, a mere earth-stationary anchor does not suffice, a clear indication of earth horizontal seems necessary to reap a modest benefit.

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“…Pupil detection algorithm based on least squares fitting of an ellipse is numerically stable, very fast, and precise. LSFE is the most commonly used principle in the pupil detection algorithms reported in the literature [39,45,47,48,49]. The eye pupil is approximated by an ellipse using a mathematical model of the ellipse, which determines the high stability of the cursor on the user screen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most recent and accurate pupil detection algorithm in pervasive scenarios, Pupil Reconstructor (PuRe) [48], is based on novel edge segment selection and conditional segment combination schemes. To improve the detection rate and running time for real-time pervasive eye tracking, a new version, Pupil Reconstructor with Subsequent Tracking (PuReST), has been proposed [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Eye Tracking-Based Human-Computer Interface for Real-Time Applications

Bozomitu

Păsărică

Tărniceriu

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this paper, the development of an eye-tracking-based human–computer interface for real-time applications is presented. To identify the most appropriate pupil detection algorithm for the proposed interface, we analyzed the performance of eight algorithms, six of which we developed based on the most representative pupil center detection techniques. The accuracy of each algorithm was evaluated for different eye images from four representative databases and for video eye images using a new testing protocol for a scene image. For all video recordings, we determined the detection rate within a circular target 50-pixel area placed in different positions in the scene image, cursor controllability and stability on the user screen, and running time. The experimental results for a set of 30 subjects show a detection rate over 84% at 50 pixels for all proposed algorithms, and the best result (91.39%) was obtained with the circular Hough transform approach. Finally, this algorithm was implemented in the proposed interface to develop an eye typing application based on a virtual keyboard. The mean typing speed of the subjects who tested the system was higher than 20 characters per minute.

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PuRe: Robust pupil detection for real-time pervasive eye tracking

Cited by 86 publications

References 25 publications

The display makes a difference: A mobile eye tracking study on the perception of art before and after a museum’s rearrangement

The display makes a difference: A mobile eye tracking study on the perception of art before and after a museum’s rearrangement

Visually Induced Motion Sickness on the Horizon

Development of an Eye Tracking-Based Human-Computer Interface for Real-Time Applications

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