Pultruded materials and structures: A review

Vedernikov, Alexander; Safonov, Alexander; Tucci, Fausto; Carlone, Pierpaolo; Akhatov, Iskander

doi:10.1177/0021998320922894

Cited by 149 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 463 publications

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“…For instance, ASTM D6641-16 is used for compression [ 216 ], ISO 527-5 is used for tension [ 217 ], ASTM D790-15e2 is used for flexure [ 218 ], ASTM D7078/7078M-12 is used for in-plane shear [ 219 ], and ASTM D2344-16 is used for interlaminar shear testing [ 220 ]. For comparison purposes, we have listed some mechanical properties of pultruded thermoplastic ( Table 3 ) and thermoset ( Table 4 ) [ 1 , 30 ] matrix composites.…”

Section: Raw Materials and Properties Of Obtained Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, polymer composite materials have found wide application in various industries [ 1 , 2 ]. This was made possible by extensive studies conducted over the last 70 years [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method allows fabrication of products having constant cross-section [ 24 , 25 ]. The advantages of pultrusion over other composite manufacturing processes are its high production rate of up to 5 m/min [ 1 ], higher efficiency [ 26 , 27 ] and low costs [ 28 , 29 ] of production, and the ability to produce profiles of virtually indefinite length [ 30 ]. There are thermoplastic and thermoset matrix-based composites [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

et al. 2021

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Pultrusion is one of the most efficient methods of producing polymer composite structures with a constant cross-section. Pultruded profiles are widely used in bridge construction, transportation industry, energy sector, and civil and architectural engineering. However, in spite of the many advantages thermoplastic composites have over the thermoset ones, the thermoplastic pultrusion market demonstrates significantly lower production volumes as compared to those of the thermoset one. Examining the thermoplastic pultrusion processes, raw materials, mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites, process simulation techniques, patents, and applications of thermoplastic pultrusion, this overview aims to analyze the existing gap between thermoset and thermoplastic pultrusions in order to promote the development of the latter one. Therefore, observing thermoplastic pultrusion from a new perspective, we intend to identify current shortcomings and issues, and to propose future research and application directions.

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Section: Raw Materials and Properties Of Obtained Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, polymer composite materials have found wide application in various industries [ 1 , 2 ]. This was made possible by extensive studies conducted over the last 70 years [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Using pultrusion of fiber-reinforced plastics allows producing long sections of a composite material with a uniform cross-section at a relatively low cost. In the aerospace industry, unidirectional pultruded glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites demonstrating high stiffness in one direction are used in parts such as spar caps, panel stiffeners, and longerons [ 4 ]. When such GFPR composites are exposed to bird strikes, hailstorms, etc., some researchers studied the effect of impact-type defects in composites [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]; to summarize, the size and shape of these defects can vary depending on the orientation of the glass fiber matrix and the ratio of glass fiber to volume matrix which can lead to micro fiber cracking, delamination, internal matrix fiber cracking etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ultrasonic Non-Contact Air-Coupled Techniques for Characterization of Impact-Type Defects in Pultruded GFRP Composites

et al. 2021

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This article compares different air-coupled ultrasonic testing methods to characterize impact-type defects in a pultruded quasi-isotropic glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite plate. Using the air-coupled transducers, comparisons among three methods were performed, namely, bulk-wave through transmission, single-side access using guided waves, and ultrasonic-guided wave tomography. The air coupled through transmission technique can determine the size and shape of impact-type defects with a higher resolution, but with the consequence of time consumption and, more importantly, the necessity of access to both sides of the sample. The guided wave technique on the other hand, allows a single-side inspection and is relatively fast. It can be used to determine the size of the defect using ultrasonic B-scan, but the exact shape of the defect will be compromised. Thus, in this article, to determine the shape of the defect, application of the parallel beam tomographic reconstruction technique using guided Lamb waves is demonstrated. Furthermore, a numerical finite element simulation was performed to study the effects of guided wave propagation in the composite sample and interaction with the internal defect. Lastly, the results from the experiments of different techniques were compared according to possibilities of defect sizing and determination of its shape.

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“…The pultrusion method has been developed to produce profile type materials economically. Pultrusion requiring one-way mechanical property is a preferred continuous production method for the production of special materials such as rebar, profile and small diameter pipes [6][7][8]. It is the fastest improving composite production method, thanks to its economics and usage by many markets [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on Static Analysis of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams

Madenci

Özkılıç

Gemi

2020

Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science

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Composite materials, which have been used especially in the construction sector to strength beams and columns, have been produced in pultruded GFRP profiles with different geometries with the pultrusion method. Pultruded GFRP profiles are an alternative to traditional building elements in many construction applications thanks to their superior properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, thermal and electrical insulation. Pultruded GFRP profiles are exposed to various loads and change shapes due to the effect of these loads. It is very important to determine the load and deformation capacities as structural members. These profiles are often exposed to bending while serving as beams. In this study, a multiscale analysis of the deflection and stress behavior of pultruded GFRP composite beam is presented. The proposed formulations are verified using the results of experimental and numerical studies. The comparison of the analytical results to both experimental and finite element results revealed that the differences between analytical results and the experimental and numerical findings are less than 1%, which indicates an excellent agreement.

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Pultruded materials and structures: A review

Cited by 149 publications

References 463 publications

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Comparison of Ultrasonic Non-Contact Air-Coupled Techniques for Characterization of Impact-Type Defects in Pultruded GFRP Composites

An Investigation on Static Analysis of Pultruded GFRP Composite Beams

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