Pulmonary function changes in ozone-interaction of concentration and ventilation

Abstract

A total of 28 healthy young subjects have been exposed for 2 h to ozone (0.37-0.75 ppm) under conditions of either rest or intermittent light exercise (sufficient to increase the respiratory minute volume by a factor of 2.5). All pulmonary function tests (vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, maximum expiratory flow-volume curve, slope of phase III of alveolar nitrogen plateau) showed a significant deterioration relative to parallel control experiments. Responses were related to the dose of ozone as calculated from the product of concentration, exposure time, and respiratory minute volume during exposure, changes at 1 h averaging approximately one-half those seen at 2 h.

Enhancement of ozone‐induced lung injury by exercise

“…Exercise is expected to be an important modifier of the toxic effects of inhaled pollutant compounds, and a number of investigations have shown that exercise exposure to pollutant compounds exacerbates induced changes in pulmonary function of humans (Silverman et al, 1976;DeLucia and Adams, 1977;Adams et al, 1981). With the development of exercising animal models, inhalation toxicologic studies may address questions that cannot be approached with human subjects, such as exercise effects on histopathologic and biochemical changes.…”

“…The dose rate of an inhaled pollutant is elevated by exercise due to increased respiratory ventilation; however, toxic effects may be further enhanced during exercise ventilation because of deeper penetration and redistribution of inhaled compounds in lung tissues (Silverman et al, 1976;DeLucia and Adams, 1977). Ozone is a prominent component of photochemical air pollution, and its toxic properties are well documented.…”

“…Ozone is a prominent component of photochemical air pollution, and its toxic properties are well documented. Humans experimentally exposed to ozone at concentrations observed in urban air pollution exhibit decreases in maximum work performance and decrements in pulmonary function, including development of rapid-shallow breathing patterns and declines in timed forced expiratory volumes (Bates et al, 1972;Hazucha et al, 1973;Folinsbee et al, 1975Folinsbee et al, , 1977Folinsbee et al, , 1978Silverman et al, 1976;DeLucia and Adams, 1977;Adams et al, 1981;Adams and Schelegel, 1983;McDonnell et al, 1983). Pulmonary-function decrements observed following exposures during exercise are greater than for exposures to the same concentrations at rest.…”

“…Pulmonary-function decrements observed following exposures during exercise are greater than for exposures to the same concentrations at rest. For example, ozone concentrations as low as 0.37 ppm can produce effects during exercise that are not observed for that concentration at rest (Bates et al, 1972;Hazucha et al, 1973;Silverman et al, 1976). Particularly sensitive subjects have been reported to respond to ozone concentrations as low as 0.15 ppm inhaled during heavy exercise (DeLucia and Adams, 1977).…”

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory tract clearance in the ferret

“…From this observation it can be reasonably extrapolated that similar damage occurs in the lungs of young children living in the same area. Since children tend also to be relatively active, any effects of air pollution would likely be amplified (Silverman et al, 1976;Mautzetal., 1985).…”