Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced selfawareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.Many philosophical, spiritual, and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of consciousness for the maintenance and enhancement of well-being (Wilber, 2000). Despite this, it is easy to overlook the importance of consciousness in human well-being because almost everyone exercises its primary capacities, that is, attention and awareness. Indeed, the relation between qualities of consciousness and well-being has received little empirical attention. One attribute of consciousness that has been much-discussed in relation to well-being is mindfulness.

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“…Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS; Fenigstein et al, 1975). This well-known 23-item measure has three subscales.…”

Section: Convergent and Discriminant Scales Neo Personality Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

Brown

Ryan

2003

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

9,718

405

9,630

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“…They were then administered a battery of questionnaires including: the Self-Consciousness Questionnaire (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975), the Body Image Scale from the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI; Derogatis, 1978), the Female Sexual Function Index (Rosen et al, 2000), and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale (Meston & Trapnell, 2005). Following completion of the questionnaires, participants engaged in one of two experimental conditions: self-focus, no self-focus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of state and trait self-focused attention on sexual arousal in sexually functional and dysfunctional women

Meston

2006

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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This study examined the effects of state self-focused attention on sexual arousal and trait selfconsciousness on sexual arousal and function in sexually functional (n = 16) and dysfunctional (n = 16) women. Self-focused attention was induced using a 50% reflectant television screen in one of two counterbalanced sessions during which self-report and physiological sexual responses to erotic films were measured. Self-focused attention significantly decreased vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) responses among sexually functional but not dysfunctional women, and substantially decreased correlations between self-report and VPA measures of sexual arousal. Self-focused attention did not significantly impact subjective sexual arousal in sexually functional or dysfunctional women. Trait private self-consciousness was positively related to sexual desire, orgasm, compatibility, contentment and sexual satisfaction. Public self-consciousness was correlated with sexual pain. The findings are discussed in terms of Masters and Johnson's [Masters, W. H. & Johnson, V. E. (1970). Human sexual inadequacy. Boston: Little, Brown) concepts of "spectatoring" and "sensate focus."

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“…Additional personality measures reflecting managers' level of self-focus were assessed with the 18-item true-false revised version of the self-monitoring questionnaire (Snyder, 1987) and the original 23-item 0 to 4 Likert-type scale version of the SC scale (Fenigstein et al, 1975). Both instruments have been widely used for research purposes and have been tested on multiple samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Hypothesis 2) Individual differences in convergent theories of personality must also be considered in any attempt to explain differences in the level of agreement in performance ratings. In particular, both the self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974(Snyder, , 1987) and the self-consciousness constructs (e.g., Buss, 1980;Fenigstein, 1987;Fenigstein et al, 1975) appear to have direct relevance to the level of self-other agreement obtained if this measure in fact reflects an appropriate operationalization of MSA. In summary, self-monitoring theory posits that individuals differ on the extent to which they actively monitor, regulate, and/or control their own expressive behaviors in the presence of others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managerial self-awareness in high-performing individuals in organizations.

Church¹

1997

Journal of Applied Psychology

223

196

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Individual differences in the construct of managerial self-awareness (MSA) -operationalized as congruence between self and direct reports' behavioral ratings-were examined in 134 high-performing (HP) and 470 average-performing (AV) managers obtained from 4 independent datasets. Results based on several different approaches to measuring ratings agreement indicated that HPs were significantly more managerially self-aware compared with AVs. This relationship was consistent regardless of data source, organization, or method of assessing managerial performance. No overall relationships were found between congruence and level of item importance, gender, management level, age, or tenure. When compared with other measures for assessing self-focus, the construct of selfmonitoring was found to be convergent with managerial self-awareness, whereas the construct of self-consciousness appeared to reflect primarily rating leniency effects. The article concludes with a comparison of the measurement approaches used, limitations, and suggestions for further study.

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Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.

Cited by 3,277 publications

References 6 publications

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

The effects of state and trait self-focused attention on sexual arousal in sexually functional and dysfunctional women

Managerial self-awareness in high-performing individuals in organizations.

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