Pt–Co Electrocatalysts: Syntheses, Morphologies, and Applications

Abstract

Pt–Co electrocatalysts have attracted significant attention because of their excellent performance in many electrochemical reactions. This review focuses on Pt–Co electrocatalysts designed and prepared for electrocatalytic applications. First, the various synthetic methods and synthesis mechanisms are systematically summarized; typical examples and core synthesis parameters are discussed for regulating the morphology and structure. Then, starting with the design and structure–activity relationship of catalysts, the research progress of the morphologies and structures of Pt–Co electrocatalysts obtained based on various strategies, the structure–activity relationship between them, and their properties are summarized. In addition, the important electrocatalytic applications and mechanisms of Pt–Co catalysts, including electrocatalytic oxidation/reduction and bifunctional catalytic reactions, are described and summarized, and their high catalytic activities are discussed on the basis of their mechanism and active sites. Moreover, the advanced electrochemical in situ characterization techniques are summarized, and the challenges and direction concerning the development of high‐performance Pt–Co catalysts in electrocatalysis are discussed.

Embedded Platinum–Cobalt Nanoalloys in Biomass-Derived Laser-Induced Graphene as Stable, Air-Breathing Cathodes for Zinc–Air Batteries

“…Mass and specific activities were established at −0.1 V vs Hg/HgO, at room temperature. The turnover frequency (TOF) value can be calculated using the following relation TOF = j normalK A false( italicne N normals false) where j K is the kinetic current density, A is the electrode surface area (cm 2 ), n is the number of electrons transferred during ORR ( n = 4), e is the charge of an electron (1.6 × 10 19 C), and N s is the number of active sites on the catalyst surface. In this case, we assumed that only Pt atoms are active.…”

Design strategies of Pt-based electrocatalysts and tolerance strategies in fuel cells: a review

“…Based on the previous reports, the generated CO intermediate during the anodizing process can easily occupy the Pt active sites, thereby leading to decreased catalytic performance. 31,32 Generally, the electrochemistry behaviors of CO include the adsorption and oxidation on the Pt surface. The linear bond type dominates the mode of CO adsorption, and the adsorption mode and coverage of CO determine the rate of CO oxidation.…”

Investigating Degradation Mechanisms in PtCo Alloy Catalysts: The Role of Co Content and a Pt-Rich Shell Using Operando High-Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detection X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

“…According to previous reports, after the electrochemical (EC) degradation, the dealloyed Pt-based alloy catalysts exhibited a core–shell (CS) nanostructure with an enriched Pt shell, which served as a stable structure with higher activity compared to commercial Pt/C through the strain effect and ligand effect induced by alloyed metal or metal oxidation from the core. − For the subsize Pt-based alloy catalysts with low Pt content (≤50 at %), it is unlikely to form a Pt-rich shell because the amount of the Pt atoms is not sufficient to form the Pt layer, which might cause the continuous dissolution of the nonprecious metal and accelerate the degradation of the Pt-based alloy catalysts during the EC process. − Thus, for those subsize catalysts which could not be able to generate a stable Pt-rich layer through EC dealloying treatment, several methods were provided, including Cu under potential deposition (UPD), − dealloying treatment through acid treatment , or organic leaching treatment, and seed-mediated growth method from colloid synthesis . Among the above methods, the displacement method for deposition of Pt onto the synthesized Pt-based alloy or nonprecious metal core has shown the ability to enable the large-scale synthesis of the catalysts with controlled CS nanostructures, while exerting only a slight influence on the core structure. ,, …”

“…24 Among the above methods, the displacement method for deposition of Pt onto the synthesized Pt-based alloy or nonprecious metal core has shown the ability to enable the large-scale synthesis of the catalysts with controlled CS nanostructures, while exerting only a slight influence on the core structure. 19,25,26 In addition, increasing amount of nonprecious metals plays an important role in achieving low Pt content with a larger strain effect. 27 Taking the most studied Pt−Co system as an example, with increasing content of Co, the activity of Pt x Co y catalysts was increased owing to the optimized strain effect of the Pt−Pt bond distance.…”