Psychrophiles: A source of cold-adapted enzymes for energy efficient biotechnological industrial processes

Bhatia, Rajendra; Ullah, Saleem; Hoque, Mubasher Zahir; Ahmad, Irshad; Yang, Yung‐Hun; Bhatt, Arvind Kumar; Bhatia, Shashi Kant

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104607

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Subsequently, the microbial proteases also came into the focus and quickly became quite popular owing to several advantages associated with them (Guleria et al 2014 ; Singh et al 2016 ). Microorganisms, as source of proteases, offer several inherent advantages like rapid production rates, lower investment in terms of land and time requirements, not being subjected to climatic influences (Bhatia et al 2021 ). Moreover, due to the diverse environments in which the microorganisms are found, it is quite easier to screen out the microbes producing enzymes with desirable characteristics (Putatunda et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Microbial Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sources/ecosystems have specific or adverse feature which reflects the characteristics of the enzyme to be produced; for example, dumping sites, hot springs, soda lake, soil samples from milk processing plants, poultry waste sites, meat waste contaminated soil, tannery waste, detergent industry, leather industry, and wood factory (Anandharaj et al 2016 ; Kshetri et al 2016 ; Suleiman et al 2020 ; Sharma et al 2017 ; Chu 2007 ; Kandasamy et al 2016 ; Ramakodi et al 2020 ). Other sources includes saltern Qingdao at China, Izmir Gulf at Turkey, composting soil, sewage sludge, vermicomposting pit soil, sea mud, marine sediments, southern ocean, and mangrove sediments (Baweja et al 2017 ; Li et al 2017 ; Sonune and Garode 2018 ; Bhatia et al 2021 ). A variety of protease producers including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes have been isolated and identified.…”

Section: Microbial Protease Production Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Solanki

Putatunda²,

Bhatia

et al. 2021

3 Biotech

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Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes, having significant physiological roles in both synthesis and degradation. The use of microbial proteases in food fermentation is an age-old process, which is today being successfully employed in other industries with the advent of ‘omics’ era and innovations in genetic and protein engineering approaches. Proteases have found application in industries besides food, like leather, textiles, detergent, waste management, agriculture, animal husbandry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. With the rising demands and applications, researchers are exploring various approaches to discover, redesign, or artificially synthesize enzymes with better applicability in the industrial processes. These enzymes offer a sustainable and environmentally safer option, besides possessing economic and commercial value. Various bacterial and fungal proteases are already holding a commercially pivotal role in the industry. The current review summarizes the characteristics and types of proteases, microbial source, their current and prospective applications in various industries, and future challenges. Promoting these biocatalysts will prove significant in betterment of the modern world.

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Section: Microbial Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Protease Production Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Solanki

Putatunda²,

Bhatia

et al. 2021

3 Biotech

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“…Indeed, these bacteria have been targeted for their industrial and biotechnological potential, for they provide energy-saving and economically beneficial alternatives to the enzymes from mesophilic homologues at low temperature 4 , 5 . These enzymes have evolved with increased conformational flexibility stemming from weakened non-covalent interactions, like salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions, aromatic-aromatic interactions and hydrogen bonding 6 . Among various enzymes, alkaline proteases that are usually active at different pH and temperature ranges 7 , 8 are ranked high in commercial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a new cold-active protease from psychrotrophic bacteria of Western Himalayan glacial soil

Saleem

Nazir

Ganai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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As an approach to the exploration of cold-active enzymes, in this study, we isolated a cold-active protease produced by psychrotrophic bacteria from glacial soils of Thajwas Glacier, Himalayas. The isolated strain BO1, identified as Bacillus pumilus, grew well within a temperature range of 4–30 °C. After its qualitative and quantitative screening, the cold-active protease (Apr-BO1) was purified. The Apr-BO1 had a molecular mass of 38 kDa and showed maximum (37.02 U/mg) specific activity at 20 °C, with casein as substrate. It was stable and active between the temperature range of 5–35 °C and pH 6.0–12.0, with an optimum temperature of 20 °C at pH 9.0. The Apr-BO1 had low Km value of 1.0 mg/ml and Vmax 10.0 µmol/ml/min. Moreover, it displayed better tolerance to organic solvents, surfactants, metal ions and reducing agents than most alkaline proteases. The results exhibited that it effectively removed the stains even in a cold wash and could be considered a decent detergent additive. Furthermore, through protein modelling, the structure of this protease was generated from template, subtilisin E of Bacillus subtilis (PDB ID: 3WHI), and different methods checked its quality. For the first time, this study reported the protein sequence for psychrotrophic Apr-BO1 and brought forth its novelty among other cold-active proteases.

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“…Microbes producing xylanase and cellulase are typically isolated from soil samples obtained from forest and nature preserves, hot springs, compost, sewage, animal manure, and bovine rumens. These enzymes are excreted outside the cell and have high quality, making cellulases and xylanases from fungi beneficial for industry ( Cai et al, 2018 ; Joseph et al, 2019 ; Bhatia et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Expression Of Thermostable Cellulase and Xylanasementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective

Ajeje¹,

Hu²,

Song³

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.

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Psychrophiles: A source of cold-adapted enzymes for energy efficient biotechnological industrial processes

Cited by 58 publications

References 135 publications

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Isolation and characterization of a new cold-active protease from psychrotrophic bacteria of Western Himalayan glacial soil

Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective

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