Psychophysics and neuronal bases of sound localization in humans

Ahveninen, Jyrki; Kopčo, Norbert; Jä̈askëlainen, Iiro P.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.07.008

Cited by 89 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…Previous electrophysiological studies of spatial hearing have used either non-invasive neuroimaging methods in humans (Ah-veninen et al, 2014) or invasive neural recordings in animals (Jenkins and Merzenich, 1984; Middlebrooks and Pettigrew, 1981). However, on one hand, non-invasive studies in humans lack the temporal and spatial resolution needed to examine the precise encoding properties of sound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Representation of Spatial and Phonetic Features in the Human Core Auditory Cortex

et al. 2018

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The human auditory cortex simultaneously processes speech and determines the location of a speaker in space. Neuroimaging studies in humans have implicated core auditory areas in processing the spectrotemporal and the spatial content of sound; however, how these features are represented together is unclear. We recorded directly from human subjects implanted bilaterally with depth electrodes in core auditory areas as they listened to speech from different directions. We found local and joint selectivity to spatial and spectrotemporal speech features, where the spatial and spectrotemporal features are organized independently of each other. This representation enables successful decoding of both spatial and phonetic information. Furthermore, we found that the location of the speaker does not change the spectrotemporal tuning of the electrodes but, rather, modulates their mean response level. Our findings contribute to defining the functional organization of responses in the human auditory cortex, with implications for more accurate neurophysiological models of speech processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Representation of Spatial and Phonetic Features in the Human Core Auditory Cortex

et al. 2018

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“…Indeed, the available cortical and imaging data indicates it is not (King and Middlebrooks 2010;Ahveninen et al 2014) and could be based instead on a logical representation of space operating as a network of neural interconnections. The temporally complex and integrative nature of auditory cortical processing (Walker et al 2011;Bizley and Cohen 2013) and the need to integrate nonauditory cues (e.g., Goossens and van Opstal 1999) suggests that auditory space and the objects within it will ultimately depend on diverse inputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six Degrees of Auditory Spatial Separation

Carlile

Fox

Orchard-Mills

et al. 2016

JARO

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The location of a sound is derived computationally from acoustical cues rather than being inherent in the topography of the input signal, as in vision. Since Lord Rayleigh, the descriptions of that representation have swung between Blabeled line^and Bopponent process^models. Employing a simple variant of a twopoint separation judgment using concurrent speech sounds, we found that spatial discrimination thresholds changed nonmonotonically as a function of the overall separation. Rather than increasing with separation, spatial discrimination thresholds first declined as two-point separation increased before reaching a turning point and increasing thereafter with further separation. This Bdipper^function, with a minimum at 6°of separation, was seen for regions around the midline as well as for more lateral regions (30 and 45°). The discrimination thresholds for the binaural localization cues were linear over the same range, so these cannot explain the shape of these functions. These data and a simple computational model indicate that the perception of auditory space involves a local code or multichannel mapping emerging subsequent to the binaural cue coding.

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“…Furthermore, the fact that horses respond to loud sound does not rule out hearing deficits, such as partial loss or unilateral deficits, as described previously in horses with THO 7. Appropriate localization of sound requires intact bilateral hearing 24. To assess hearing subjectively, it is important to determine if the animal is capable not only of responding but also of orienting toward the source of the sound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses in an Equine Patient Population: Part I – Adult Horses

Aleman

Holliday

Nieto

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBrainstem auditory evoked response has been an underused diagnostic modality in horses as evidenced by few reports on the subject.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe BAER findings, common clinical signs, and causes of hearing loss in adult horses.AnimalsStudy group, 76 horses; control group, 8 horses.MethodsRetrospective. BAER records from the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory were reviewed from the years of 1982 to 2013. Peak latencies, amplitudes, and interpeak intervals were measured when visible. Horses were grouped under disease categories. Descriptive statistics and a posthoc Bonferroni test were performed.ResultsFifty‐seven of 76 horses had BAER deficits. There was no breed or sex predisposition, with the exception of American Paint horses diagnosed with congenital sensorineural deafness. Eighty‐six percent (n = 49/57) of the horses were younger than 16 years of age. The most common causes of BAER abnormalities were temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO, n = 20/20; abnormalities/total), congenital sensorineural deafness in Paint horses (17/17), multifocal brain disease (13/16), and otitis media/interna (4/4). Auditory loss was bilateral and unilateral in 74% (n = 42/57) and 26% (n = 15/57) of the horses, respectively. The most common causes of bilateral auditory loss were sensorineural deafness, THO, and multifocal brain disease whereas THO and otitis were the most common causes of unilateral deficits.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAuditory deficits should be investigated in horses with altered behavior, THO, multifocal brain disease, otitis, and in horses with certain coat and eye color patterns. BAER testing is an objective and noninvasive diagnostic modality to assess auditory function in horses.

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Psychophysics and neuronal bases of sound localization in humans

Cited by 89 publications

References 191 publications

Joint Representation of Spatial and Phonetic Features in the Human Core Auditory Cortex

Joint Representation of Spatial and Phonetic Features in the Human Core Auditory Cortex

Six Degrees of Auditory Spatial Separation

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses in an Equine Patient Population: Part I – Adult Horses

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