Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the HIV Self-Management Scale in Patients with HIV

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues' HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample. Methods: The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients' self-rating as a "smart patient" measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results: All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model ( χ 2 / df(164)=1.66, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI= 0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients' self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89. Conclusion: The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.Key words: HIV, Self-management, Self-care, Reliability, Validity * This study was supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and Hallym University (7-2012-0333 If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Psychological Burden and Medication Adherence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients

“…Higher scores indicated a higher level of self-management. This instrument can be seen as reliable since it achieved a Cronbach's α of .89 in Kim et al (2015) and one of .87 in the present study.…”

“…The health behavioral factor was measured with a self-management. This study used HIV Self-Management Scale (HSMS) by Webel et al (2012) that was tested on the Korean population by Kim et al (2015) for validity and reliability. This instrument was comprised of 20 questions in three categories that measured the self-management behavior of HIV-positive patients, and the sum of scores from each question ranged from 0-60 points.…”

Factors influencing self-management of adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

“…Studies on HIV SM in high-income and upper-middle-income countries focus on three domains of SM, namely daily physical health practice, social support, and living with HIV [ 6 , 9 , 10 ]. Daily physical health practice refers to physical exercise, diet management, reducing stress, symptom management, managing drug side effects and implementing other recommended physical health activities.…”

“…A similar study using the same scale and conducted in China indicated lower mean scores: daily physical health practice, 1.80 ± 0.42, activating social support, 1.47 ± 0.63, living with chronic HIV, 2.46 ± 0.43 and an overall mean SM score of 1.91 ± 0.36, which was interpreted as low [ 12 ]. A third study conducted in Korea using the same scale reported an overall SM mean score of 2.00 ± 0.49, again interpreted as low [ 9 ]. These findings demonstrate variable levels of SM across different international settings.…”

“…SM interventions are interventions intended to enhance both the process and outcomes of SM [ 13 ]. SM outcomes are concerned with different aspects of practicing SM and include daily physical practice, activating social support, and managing medication whilst living with chronic HIV [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 ] (see Fig. 1 ).…”