Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) and its correlation with anxiety and depression

Penengo, Chiara; Colli, Chiara; Garzitto, Marco; Driul, Lorenza; Sala, Alessia; Degano, Matilde; Preis, Heidi; Lobel, Marci; Balestrieri, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.076

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Comparing the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms to previous findings from a similar sample, as reported by our research team approximately a year earlier during the first wave of the pandemic ( 39 ), there was no significant difference in the magnitude of GAD-7 scores [ t (500.6) = +1.43, p = 0.154] or PHQ-2 scores [ t (515.6) = +0.36, p = 0.716]. Also, the proportion screening positive for OCD was not significantly different for the two samples [Wave 1 sample: 12.4%; 1.063 (0.62, 1.86), p = 0.896].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Comparing current pandemic stress with scores reported from a similar sample during Wave 1 of the pandemic ( 39 ), PREPS-PS scale scores were lower in the current study [M ± SD in z-scores: −0.14 ± 1.035; t (313) = −2.38, p = 0.018], PREPS-PIS scale scores did not differ [+0.05 ± 0.972; t (315) = +0.98, p = 0.326]. No statistically significant differences between Wave 1 and 2 were observed for the NuPDQ score either [0.06 ± 1.097, t (299) = −0.88, p = 0.379].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the Italian version of the PREPS that was previously validated by our research group ( 39 ). The instrument showed acceptable-to-good internal consistency for the PREPS-PS (Cronbach's α = 0.760), PREPS-PIS (α = 0.857), and PREPS-PA (α = 0.747) scales.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To have a uniform metric and to facilitate comparison with previous data, the NuPDQ, NuPCI, and PREPS scales were standardized (converted to z-scores) according to findings reported in previous Italian adaptations ( 37 , 39 ). The GAD-7 and PHQ-2 scores were also standardized in the current sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care During the 2021 Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Aims: Women face many sources of stress throughout their lives, and some periods are particularly sensitive; pregnancy is one of them. The COVID-19 pandemic is a likely source of additional stress for pregnant women. Moreover, there is evidence that pregnant women have experienced high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the pandemic. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of pregnancy-specific stress, pandemic-related stress, and coping strategies with anxiety, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in Italian women during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (December 2020–June 2021). We also investigated whether there were differences in these levels of psychopathology compared to a prior study conducted during the first pandemic wave (April–August 2020) in Italian pregnant women.Methods: We assessed 325 pregnant women receiving outpatient prenatal care, using the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ), Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS), the Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) screening. The main analysis was conducted comparing multiple logistic regression models predicting each psychopathological outcome from specific covariates and NuPDQ, PREPS, and NuPCI scores.Results: 42.8% of the sample reported significant levels of anxiety, while 10.3% was positive on depression screening and 13.1% on OCD screening. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of high anxiety, depression, or OCD screening scores compared with the first pandemic wave. Controlling for covariates, we found that GAD-7 and PHQ-2 scores were predicted by pregnancy-specific stress; positive OCD screening was not. The model of high anxiety was improved by adding pandemic-related stress as a predictor (in particular, feeling unprepared for delivery and postpartum). Finally, coping strategies (avoidance, spiritual coping, and planning-preparation) significantly improved prediction of all three psychopathological outcomes.Conclusions: The present study suggests the importance of pregnancy-related stress, COVID-19 pandemic stress, and of coping strategies in counteracting or contributing to psychiatric symptomatology during the current pandemic.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stress, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care During the 2021 Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…In Italy, the impaired mental health linked to the COVID-19 pandemic has been demonstrated in several studies. Two of these were carried out at Udine hospital, demonstrating an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression [ 33 , 44 ] and obsessive compulsive disorder [ 45 ]. In the first study, 258 pregnant women were analyzed by the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and an obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) screening [ 33 ].…”

Section: The Psychological Impact Of the Covid-19 In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Stress–Neuroendocrine System–Psychological Symptoms Relationship in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gizzi

Mazzeschi

Delvecchio

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic induced long-term damages that weigh on the national health systems of various countries in terms of support and care. This review aimed to highlight the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant women. We first report data on the immune system physiopathology and the main viral infections in pregnancy, including COVID-19. Then, the attention is focused on the main factors that affect the mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as (1) the fear of being infected and transmitting the infection to the fetus, (2) the cancellation of checkups and pre-child courses, and (3) confinement and the inability to have close friends or a partner at the time of delivery or in the first days after delivery, as well as family tensions. Because of all this, pregnant women find themselves in a stressful condition independent of the pregnancy, and thus experience anxiety, depression, insomnia, hostility, delirium, and an alteration of the mother–baby relationship. Several studies have shown an involvement of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in response to the pandemic. We propose a possible involvement of the neuroendocrine system as a mediator of the psychological symptoms of pregnant women induced by COVID-19-related stress.

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Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit während der Peripartalzeit – eine narrative Übersicht

Gries

Beck-Hiestermann²,

Strauß³

et al. 2023

Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie und die darauffolgenden Maßnahmen der Regierung waren mit drastischen Einschnitten in das Leben nahezu aller Menschen assoziiert. Betroffen waren v. a. vulnerable Gruppen, darunter schwangere Frauen und Mütter in der postpartalen Phase. Fragestellung Ziel des Reviews war die Untersuchung des Einflusses der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von schwangeren Frauen und Mütter in der Postpartalzeit anhand von Symptomen bezüglich Stress, Angst, Depression und posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Weiterhin wurde nach Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren gesucht, die zur Entstehung oder zur Vorbeugung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen während der Pandemie beitragen. Material und Methode Die Literatursuche erfolgte via PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX und Ovid Medline von April bis Juni 2021. Extrahiert wurden Angst‑, Depressions‑, Stress- und PTBS-Symptome sowie potenzielle Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren. Ergebnisse Es wurden 19 relevante Studien mit 44.709 Teilnehmerinnen aufgenommen. Beinahe alle Studien verzeichneten einen Anstieg der Angst‑, Depressions‑, Stress- und PTBS-Symptome während der Pandemie. Finanzielle, intrafamiliäre Stressoren sowie die Sorge um das Kind wurden als Risikofaktor für die Entstehung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen während der Pandemie identifiziert. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Paarbeziehung schützte augenscheinlich vor Stress- und Depressionssymptomen. Angstsymptome wurden u. a. durch ein erhöhtes Ausmaß physischer Aktivität und die wahrgenommene soziale Unterstützung reduziert. Schlussfolgerungen Zukünftigen Untersuchungen wird empfohlen, die Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung postpartaler psychischer Erkrankungen noch genauer zu untersuchen. Zudem sollten Präventionsprogramme für das medizinische Personal sowie Nachsorge- und Therapieprogramme für betroffene Mütter entwickelt werden, um schwere Verläufe zu verhindern.

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Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) and its correlation with anxiety and depression

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Stress, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care During the 2021 Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic

Stress, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Pregnant Women in Outpatient Care During the 2021 Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic

Possible Stress–Neuroendocrine System–Psychological Symptoms Relationship in Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit während der Peripartalzeit – eine narrative Übersicht

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