Psychometric Properties of the Iranian version of Champion's Revised Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer screening

Factor structure and internal reliability of breast cancer screening Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale in Yemeni women in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

“…In our study, five items were loaded on susceptibility factor, seven items were loaded on seriousness factor, six items were loaded on benefits of BSE factor, six items were loaded on barriers of BSE factor, eleven items were loaded on confidence factor, seven items were loaded on health motivation factor, six items were loaded on benefits of MMG factor, and five items were loaded on barriers of MMG factor. These results are consistent with those obtained in studies conducted by Champion [ 48 , 49 ], Akhtari-Zavare et al [ 28 ], Didarloo et al [ 30 ], Juárez-García et al [ 31 ], hence validating the scales’ construct validity. However, contrary to our results, Parsa et al [ 35 ] revealed that items regarding Malaysian women’s beliefs about MMG and BSE of BC, and its screening methods were loaded on ten and seven factors, respectively.…”

“…However, three items related to this subscale do not seem relevant to this group; “Feeling good about myself when doing BSE”, “When completing monthly BSE, I don’t feel worried as much about BC”, “Completing monthly BSE will decrease the chance of requiring disfiguring or radical surgery if BC occurs”. The study of Didarloo et al [ 30 ] corroborates the present research in this regard. This is possible because most women involved in this study are younger women, who believe there is a higher chance for BC among older women.…”

“…All the items in seriousness, susceptibility, barriers of BSE, barriers of MMG, and benefits of MMG factors indicated accepted factor loading, which is congruent with past researches of Champion [ 49 ], Mohammed et al [ 34 ], Akhtari-Zavare et al [ 28 ], Didarloo et al [ 30 ], Juárez-García et al [ 31 ]. Thus, the current study's findings supported the theoretical relationships represented in Champion et al [ 11 ], by which there are no significant differences between susceptibility and stages of BCS adoption.…”

“…This study’s reliability coefficients were in line with the reliability coefficients of the original scale developmental studies conducted by Champion [ 48 , 49 ], except for the susceptibility and benefits of the BSE scales with lower but acceptable alpha coefficients (0.79 and 0.76), respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were also similar to those of Parsa et al [ 35 ], Mohammed et al [ 34 ], Akhtari-Zavare et al [ 28 ], Didarloo et al [ 30 ]. However, the studies conducted by Mikail and Petro-Nustas [ 33 ], Dewi [ 29 ], Juárez-García et al [ 32 ] reflected a much lower range of alpha coefficients.…”

“…However, three items related to health motivation were unsatisfactory among Yemeni women. Hence, Yemeni, Iranian [ 30 , 38 ], and Malaysian [ 35 ] women's health motivation was very similar. Yemeni women are less likely to receive healthcare benefits, and regular health services are low in the general population.…”