Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Objective: To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. Methods: Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. Results: The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. Conclusions: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a costeffective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening and Treatment of Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Depression: A Systematic Review

“…70,71 Estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and NPV for the BDI-II from studies included in this review are in line with those found in other studies, 72 with PPV estimates from included studies in this review near the lower range but generally consistent with PPV estimates produced in other medical samples. The GDS, HADS, and PHQ did not have uniform versions (i.e., they differed in either items assessed or cutpoint used) employed in more than two studies in the present review, limiting comparability with other research, though in general the reported metrics from presently included studies appear broadly consistent with those reported from studies that have examined these measures in other non-post-ACS populations.…”

Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Controlled Cohort Study

“…Scores are generally classified as the following: 0-13, minimal or no depression; 14-19, mild depression; 20-28, moderate depression; and 29-63, severe depression. 14,15 Subfactor analysis was performed to determine the impact of CRS on somatic and cognitive subdomains. 15,16 …”

Treating Depression with Botulinum Toxin: A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…One of the trials used the newer BDI-II version. Since the 2 versions are highly correlated (r = 0.82-0.94) and have an identical point range, we used them as one scale (BDI) [21]. All studies used the same Clinical Severity Score for Glabellar Frown Lines (CSS-GFL) to assess frown scores at baseline and week 6 [22].…”