Psychometric Patterns Associated With Multiple Sclerosis

The measurement of intellectual decline in the senile psychoses.

“…Individual scores of 31 patients with senile psychoses and 50 control subjects are plotted as Tscores; control group mean c= SO, a e= 10. The dashed line represents the mean T-score of the conmeasure different aspects of intellectual decline.From the results of this study and previous ones[1,4,7, 14, 15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

“…The El and SDF have some validity in differentiating the elderly but the low correlation between them leads to the conclusion that they From the results of this study and previous ones [1,4,7,14,15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

The measurement of intellectual decline in the senile psychoses.

“…Individual scores of 31 patients with senile psychoses and 50 control subjects are plotted as Tscores; control group mean c= SO, a e= 10. The dashed line represents the mean T-score of the conmeasure different aspects of intellectual decline.From the results of this study and previous ones[1,4,7, 14, 15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

“…The El and SDF have some validity in differentiating the elderly but the low correlation between them leads to the conclusion that they From the results of this study and previous ones [1,4,7,14,15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

The Effects of Picotesla Range Magnetic Fields on Visuospatial Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Recent studies have confirmed the high incidence of cognitive disturbances in patients with MS (Kahana et al, 1971;Kurtzke et al, 1972;Staples & Lincoln, 1979;Grant et al, 1984;Rao et al, 1984;Filley et al, 1989;Franklin et al, 1990;White, 1990) and it has been suggested that MS be considered a form of "subcortical" dementia, characterized by deficits in visuospatial and memory functions with intact verbal skills (Caine et al, 1986;Rao, 1986). However, other authors have reported also verbal and language loss in MS patients including deficits on the WAIS vocabulary test, naming, reading, and verbal fluency (Diers & Brown, 1950;Jambor, 1969;Ivnik, 1978;Grant et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985).…”

“…More recent studies employing standardized neuropsychological tests have demonstrated cognitive dysfunction in 46% of patients with a relapsing-remitting course of disease and in 63% to 72% of patients with a chronic progressive pattern (Rao et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985). Most investigators emphasized the high incidence of attentional, visuospatial, and visuomotor impairment in patients with MS (Diers & Brown, 1950;Ross & Reitan, 1955;Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Franklin et al, 1989) which is related to the multiplicity of MS lesion sites that produce loss of visuospatial abilities (e.g., optic nerves, white matter, reticular system, and cerebellum) (Brownell & Hughes, 1962).…”

An immediate memory modification of the block design task: Relative performances of brain-damaged and control subjects.

“…The modified procedure was based on the hypothesis that a combination of two psychological processes, each independently sensitive to brain damage, would produce an even more sensitive instrument. Since numerous studies (Anderson, 1951;Benton, 1953;Cohen, 1952;Collins, 1951;Diers & Brown, 1950;Graham & Kendall, 1946;Halstead, 1947;Heilbrun, in press;Hoedemaker & Murray, 1952;Ptacek & Young, 1954;Reynell, 1944;Ruesch & Moore, 1943) have demonstrated various tests of immediate memory to be differentially difficult for brain-damaged 5s, the new procedure should provide evidence regarding the proposed hypothesis.…”

The measurement of intellectual decline in the senile psychoses.

“…Individual scores of 31 patients with senile psychoses and 50 control subjects are plotted as Tscores; control group mean c= SO, a e= 10. The dashed line represents the mean T-score of the conmeasure different aspects of intellectual decline.From the results of this study and previous ones[1,4,7, 14, 15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

“…The El and SDF have some validity in differentiating the elderly but the low correlation between them leads to the conclusion that they From the results of this study and previous ones [1,4,7,14,15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

The Effects of Picotesla Range Magnetic Fields on Visuospatial Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Recent studies have confirmed the high incidence of cognitive disturbances in patients with MS (Kahana et al, 1971;Kurtzke et al, 1972;Staples & Lincoln, 1979;Grant et al, 1984;Rao et al, 1984;Filley et al, 1989;Franklin et al, 1990;White, 1990) and it has been suggested that MS be considered a form of "subcortical" dementia, characterized by deficits in visuospatial and memory functions with intact verbal skills (Caine et al, 1986;Rao, 1986). However, other authors have reported also verbal and language loss in MS patients including deficits on the WAIS vocabulary test, naming, reading, and verbal fluency (Diers & Brown, 1950;Jambor, 1969;Ivnik, 1978;Grant et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985).…”

“…More recent studies employing standardized neuropsychological tests have demonstrated cognitive dysfunction in 46% of patients with a relapsing-remitting course of disease and in 63% to 72% of patients with a chronic progressive pattern (Rao et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985). Most investigators emphasized the high incidence of attentional, visuospatial, and visuomotor impairment in patients with MS (Diers & Brown, 1950;Ross & Reitan, 1955;Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Franklin et al, 1989) which is related to the multiplicity of MS lesion sites that produce loss of visuospatial abilities (e.g., optic nerves, white matter, reticular system, and cerebellum) (Brownell & Hughes, 1962).…”

An immediate memory modification of the block design task: Relative performances of brain-damaged and control subjects.

“…The modified procedure was based on the hypothesis that a combination of two psychological processes, each independently sensitive to brain damage, would produce an even more sensitive instrument. Since numerous studies (Anderson, 1951;Benton, 1953;Cohen, 1952;Collins, 1951;Diers & Brown, 1950;Graham & Kendall, 1946;Halstead, 1947;Heilbrun, in press;Hoedemaker & Murray, 1952;Ptacek & Young, 1954;Reynell, 1944;Ruesch & Moore, 1943) have demonstrated various tests of immediate memory to be differentially difficult for brain-damaged 5s, the new procedure should provide evidence regarding the proposed hypothesis.…”

The measurement of intellectual decline in the senile psychoses.

“…Individual scores of 31 patients with senile psychoses and 50 control subjects are plotted as Tscores; control group mean c= SO, a e= 10. The dashed line represents the mean T-score of the conmeasure different aspects of intellectual decline.From the results of this study and previous ones[1,4,7, 14, 15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

“…The El and SDF have some validity in differentiating the elderly but the low correlation between them leads to the conclusion that they From the results of this study and previous ones [1,4,7,14,15,18] it is apparent that the DQ has little validity as a measure of intellectual deficit. The failure of the DQ to show any difference between the two groups is due in large part to the fact that the items in the "Hold" and "Don't Hold" portions are not optimally selected.…”

The Effects of Picotesla Range Magnetic Fields on Visuospatial Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Recent studies have confirmed the high incidence of cognitive disturbances in patients with MS (Kahana et al, 1971;Kurtzke et al, 1972;Staples & Lincoln, 1979;Grant et al, 1984;Rao et al, 1984;Filley et al, 1989;Franklin et al, 1990;White, 1990) and it has been suggested that MS be considered a form of "subcortical" dementia, characterized by deficits in visuospatial and memory functions with intact verbal skills (Caine et al, 1986;Rao, 1986). However, other authors have reported also verbal and language loss in MS patients including deficits on the WAIS vocabulary test, naming, reading, and verbal fluency (Diers & Brown, 1950;Jambor, 1969;Ivnik, 1978;Grant et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985).…”

“…More recent studies employing standardized neuropsychological tests have demonstrated cognitive dysfunction in 46% of patients with a relapsing-remitting course of disease and in 63% to 72% of patients with a chronic progressive pattern (Rao et al, 1984;Heaton et al, 1985). Most investigators emphasized the high incidence of attentional, visuospatial, and visuomotor impairment in patients with MS (Diers & Brown, 1950;Ross & Reitan, 1955;Goldstein & Shelly, 1974;Franklin et al, 1989) which is related to the multiplicity of MS lesion sites that produce loss of visuospatial abilities (e.g., optic nerves, white matter, reticular system, and cerebellum) (Brownell & Hughes, 1962).…”

An immediate memory modification of the block design task: Relative performances of brain-damaged and control subjects.

“…The modified procedure was based on the hypothesis that a combination of two psychological processes, each independently sensitive to brain damage, would produce an even more sensitive instrument. Since numerous studies (Anderson, 1951;Benton, 1953;Cohen, 1952;Collins, 1951;Diers & Brown, 1950;Graham & Kendall, 1946;Halstead, 1947;Heilbrun, in press;Hoedemaker & Murray, 1952;Ptacek & Young, 1954;Reynell, 1944;Ruesch & Moore, 1943) have demonstrated various tests of immediate memory to be differentially difficult for brain-damaged 5s, the new procedure should provide evidence regarding the proposed hypothesis.…”