Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in Primary Insomnia and Control Subjects

Abstract

In order to effectively study the population experiencing insomnia, it is important to identify reliable and valid tools to measure sleep that can be administered in the home setting. The purpose of this study was to assess psychometric properties for the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) in community-dwelling adults with primary insomnia. The CPSQI had an overall reliability coefficient of 0.82 -0.83 for all subjects. "Subjective sleep quality" was the component most highly correlated with the global score. Overall, the CPSQI showed acceptable test-retest reliability over a 14- to 21-day interval with a coefficient of 0.85 for all subjects and 0.77 for primary insomniacs. The two contrasting groups had significantly different global and component scores. A CPSQI of greater than 5 yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 98 and 55% in primary insomniacs vs. controls. A CPSQI of greater than 6 resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 67%. Results suggest that the CPSQI is a psychometrically sound measure of sleep quality and disturbance for patients with primary insomnia. It may not be an effective screening tool because of its low specificity, but it can be a sensitive, reliable, and valid outcome assessment tool for use in community-based studies of primary insomnia.

Reliability and Validity of the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire in the America Insomnia Survey

“…Based on this realization, we examined the effect of using super-normal controls on estimates of BIQ validity by replicating the validity analyses reported in the last section after excluding from the clinical reappraisal sample respondents who reported some sleep problems (2 or more days reliability is generally found to be lower for insomnia than other sleep complaints in psychometric studies, 6 as well as for the fact that reports of more qualitative symptoms of insomnia, such as the restorative value of sleep and daytime functioning, are usually found to be less stable in test-retest studies than are more quantitative reports of sleep-problem frequency and duration. 5,39 Our results regarding the short-term test-retest reliability of BIQ symptoms are not entirely consistent with the latter results, though, as the test-retest correlations for BIQ reports of daytime impairment (0.87-0.88) are as high as those for reports of more quantitative symptoms. Indeed, the majority of BIQ items have good to excellent test-retest reliability.…”

“…Sample eligibility was also limited to members who provided the plan with a telephone number, could speak English, and had no impairment that limited their ability to be interviewed over the telephone. The sample was selected with stratification to match the United States census population distribution on the cross-classification of age (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49), 50-64, 65-74 and 75+), sex, urbanicity (Census Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas [SMSA], non-SMSA urbanized areas, and rural areas), and census region (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West).…”

Efficacy and Predictors for Biofeedback Therapeutic Outcome in Patients with Dyssynergic Defecation

“…Each component is scored from 0 to 3, and the seven component scores are summed to gain a global score. In Chinese populations, a PSQI global score > 7 indicates poor sleep quality [29]. There were six questions on the frequency and/or volume of consumption of certain food items.…”

Associations between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity/oppositional defiant disorders in children

“…The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the PSS questionnaire was 0.40. To assess sleep problems, we used the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire (33). PSQI is a simplified tool for evaluating sleep quality within the most recent 1 mo, including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction (34).…”