Psychological intention in European theism of the XIX century

Abstract

The subject of this research is the psychological intention in the European theism of the XIX century in the context of anthropological turn. The author examines such trends of European theism of the XIX century as German post-Hegelian theism, French and Italian spiritualism, Russian spiritual-academic theism. It is demonstrated the European theism of the XIX century as a philosophy of that time of anthropological pivot mats psychologism as a transition towards individual-substantial (psychological) Self with dialogical intention, and establishment of philosophy on the psychological foundation. Particular attention is given to the essence of anthropological turn and psychologism in its context. Anthropological turn is interpreted as a transition of metaphysical into anthropology in the vein of Heidegger’s philosophy. This transition means that philosophy is structured upon the basis of natural sciences and psychology, human Self and its reflection lose the ontological character, but it becomes individually-substantial and obtains dialogical intention. The philosophy of European theism of the XIX century is viewed in this context; however, special attention is dedicated to the establishment of philosophy on psychological foundation, transition from the individually-substantial Self and problem of its reflection. The novelty consists in examination of psychological intention of European theism of the XIX century within the framework of anthropological turn, as well as substantiation of presence of the psychologically oriented trend in terms of this philosophy. To the representatives of psychological oriented direction of European theism of the XIX century can be attributed such French spiritualists as Maine de Biran, Cousin, Jouffroy, Ravaisson-Mollien, whose works resemble the psychological method of the similar to their views Italian spiritualist Galupppi, French neo-spiritualist Bergson, German post-Hegelian theist Fechner, whose doctrine was structures on psychophysical foundation.