Psychological Impact of Nocturnal Enuresis on Self-esteem of School Children

Abstract

Bedwetting is the cause of significant psychosocial stress especially in older children. Aim: The study aimed to assess the psychological impact of nocturnal enuresis on self-esteem of school children. Design: Descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in El-Menoufya University Hospital, in Egypt, which consisted of 18 outpatient clinics. The pediatric outpatient clinic of Shebin El-Kom, El-Menoufia University Hospital it is general pediatric outpatient clinic for all children disorders not just for enuresis. Sample: This is a convenient sample of 140 of children representing almost half of the total attendants with nocturnal enuresis during three months duration. The total number of the sample was 70 children of nocturnal enuresis. Tools: For data collection, an interview questionnaire was used to assess socio demographic data, children knowledge about enuresis, psychological impact of enuresis on the children regarding depression and social isolation, self-esteem inventory scale for the children. Finding: The results of the study showed there were no significant difference between gender and their positive self-esteem. In addition, there were no significant difference between psychological problems of the studied children and their positive self-esteem. Conclusion: This study concluded that children in this age have poor knowledge in relation to enuresis. In addition, most of studied children had law selfesteem. Recommendations: According to this study it is recommended that raise community awareness about nocturnal enuresis through educating adolescents in school and universities about nocturnal enuresis, development of health educational program for mothers of enuretic children. Also pediatric nurse, psychiatric nurse, community health nurse and school health nurse offer counseling services for the mothers and their children regarding nocturnal enuresis.

Impact of an Educational Program on Mothers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Their Children With Nocturnal Enuresis.

“…The present study results also revealed that the highest percentage of children with enuresis is quite common in the society of El Fayoum Governorate; where education is a critical factor that may affect the mothers' ability to use booklet to gain the required information although they are having enough time while may give them an opportunity to provide good care and apply gained practice about child enuresis. A similar finding was demonstrated in the study of Elbahnasawy and Elnagar (2015) (14) who proved that a higher relative risk of enuresis in children was observed in families with a father with a lower education and a mother with a relatively lower education. In the same line, another previous research carried out by Inan, et al (2008) reported that the higher prevalence of enuresis occurs in families where mother has a lower level of education.…”

Antiepileptic Drugs–Induced Enuresis in Children: An Overview

“…But we could not rule out the possible debilitations it could cause in children that may affect their growth and development. 51,52 With the worldwide prevalence of epilepsies in children, it is necessary to conduct more studies on this rare effect of the AEDs, which is known as a potent treatment option for various epilepsies.…”

Applying Health Education Learning Package for Mothers Regarding Nocturnal Enuresis

“…These results go in line with Salem, et al, [19] who reported that about two-thirds of mothers were housewives, resides in a rural area, and the minority of them was divorced. In addition, El bahnasawy and Elnagar [2] who proved that a higher relative risk of enuresis in children was observed in a mother with relatively lower education. This is in accordance with the current study results.…”

“…Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting or urinary incontinence during sleep) has a view of an iceberg as a public health problem which can lead to profound loss of self-esteem, self-perception and poor inter-personal relationship to the affected children. It occurs especially with low income, smaller age, family history of enuresis and history of urinary tract infection [1,2]. It is classified into primary enuresis (75%) when nocturnal urinary continence has not been achieved since birth, and secondary enuresis (25%) when bed-wetting occurs in a child with at least 6 months of nighttime dryness.…”