Psychiatric Disorders and Cannabinoid Receptors

Joshi, Neal; Onaivi, Emmanuel S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Despite the pivotal role of the ECS in the stress response [8], and the exploration of eCBs as a potential therapeutic target for both preventing and treating stress-related psychopathology [16,23], the current state of knowledge in this area is limited. To date, research has mainly focused on investigating the therapeutic role of the ECS in various conditions such as chronic pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, among others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, chronic exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration and/or exposure to chronic stress decreases hippocampal CB 1 receptor signaling, causing dysregulation of the HPA axis activity due to increased levels of circulating CORT [20][21][22]. Despite the significance of the ECS in managing the stress response [8] and the investigation of eCBs as a potential therapeutic target for both preventing and managing stress-related mental disorders [16,23], the current understanding in this field is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eCBs and their target receptors CB 1 play a critical role in the brain's adaptation to repeated stress. Consequently, the eCB signaling system is being studied as a potential therapeutic target for both preventing and treating stress-related psychopathology [16,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Specific Differences and the Role of Environmental Enrichment in the Expression of Hippocampal CB1 Receptors following Chronic Unpredictable Stress

Dandi,

Kesidou,

Simeonidou

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Stress-related mental disorders have become increasingly prevalent, thus endangering mental health worldwide. Exploring stress-associated brain alterations is vital for understanding the possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes. Based on existing evidence, the brain endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role in the stress response, and disruptions in its function are associated with the neurobiology of various stress-related disorders. This study primarily focuses on investigating the impact of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on the expression of hippocampal cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, part of the ECS, in adult male and female Wistar rats. Additionally, it explores whether environmental enrichment (EE) initiated during adolescence could mitigate the CUS-associated alterations in CB1 expression. Wistar rats, shortly after weaning, were placed in either standard housing (SH) or EE conditions for a duration of 10 weeks. On postnatal day 66, specific subgroups of SH or EE animals underwent a 4-week CUS protocol. Western blot (WB) analysis was conducted in the whole hippocampus of the left brain hemisphere to assess total CB1 protein expression, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on the right hemisphere to estimate the expression of CB1 receptors in certain hippocampal areas (i.e., CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus-DG). The WB analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in total CB1 protein levels among the groups; however, reduced CB1 expression was found in specific hippocampal sub-regions using IHC. Specifically, CUS significantly decreased CB1 receptor expression in the CA1 and DG of both sexes, whereas in CA3 the CUS-associated decrease was limited to SH males. Interestingly, EE housing proved protective against these reductions. These findings suggest a region and sex-specific endocannabinoid response to chronic stress, emphasizing the role of positive early experiences in the protection of the adolescent brain against adverse conditions later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Specific Differences and the Role of Environmental Enrichment in the Expression of Hippocampal CB1 Receptors following Chronic Unpredictable Stress

Dandi,

Kesidou,

Simeonidou

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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“…Cannabis use has been linked to a syndrome characterized by reduced motivation, difficulty initiating new thoughts, and impairment of memory. Moreover, in certain predisposed individuals, it can produce schizophrenia 2,3 . However, there is evidence that cannabis may be of benefit, among others, for the treatment of certain pain syndromes, 4,5 as an anxiolytic, 6 and for alleviating sleep disorders 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Management of Sleep and Sleep Disorders With Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Monti

Pandi‐Perumal

2022

Clinical Neuropharmacology

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Phytocannabinoid derivatives are among the several compounds found in the cannabis plant. The phytocannabinoid chemicals Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol are mostly responsible for the drug's behavioral effects. Chronic cannabis administration has been shown to disrupt circadian rhythms and reduce the duration of the deepest phase (stage N3) of nonrapid eye movement sleep. Cannabidiol is thought to be responsible for the disruption of the circadian rhythm, whereas THC is thought to be accountable for the changes in sleep architecture. The quality of one's sleep has a significant impact on cannabis abstinence or relapse. As a result, the diminished sleep-promoting efficiency of cannabis in chronic users, as well as the resulting sleep difficulties once cannabis use is stopped, may sabotage attempts to quit and raise the risk of relapse. In individuals with obstructive sleep apnea who do not complain about the treatment process known as continuous positive airway pressure, cannabinoids are one of the treatments being considered. In this regard, preclinical investigations have demonstrated that combining the agent oleamide and THC aids in the stabilization of respiration in all stages of sleep as well as the maintenance of autonomic stability during sleep. The synthetic THC dronabinol was found to lower the apnea-hypopnea index in a clinical investigation and is regarded safe for the short-term treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Patients experiencing nightmares who had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder were given the synthetic endocannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone. When compared with a placebo, the chemical proved helpful in reducing the frequency of nightmares. It is worth noting that a single study that looked at the effects of cannabidiol on REM behavior disorder found that symptoms improved. Based on the available findings, cannabinoids can be used as an alternate treatment for various sleep disorders. However, additional research is needed to corroborate the conclusions of these investigations.

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