Psychiatric Disorder in Women from an Edinburgh Community: Associations with Demographic Factors

Abstract

The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was determined according to alternative diagnostic criteria in a random sample of 576 women from an Edinburgh community. Whichever diagnostic system was applied, significantly higher rates of disorder were found among the working class, the unemployed and women who were divorced, widowed, separated or cohabiting; in the subgroup of women who met all these conditions, up to half were found to satisfy the diagnostic criteria. The observed prevalence estimates can be explained as the effects of each demographic factor acting independently, no interaction effects being needed. Our results are discussed in relation to the findings of others, and in terms of the statistical issues involved.

The influence of medical and psychological interventions on women's distress after miscarriage

“…Our results on the prevalence of distress in women with missed miscarriage at four weeks after loss are comparable to those of other studies which have utilized HADS in women with spontaneous abortions [4,22] and which have also found anxiety to be a more prominent response following early pregnancy loss rather than depression [23]. At 4 weeks after loss, the proportion of cases with clinical anxiety (27% in the intervention group and 33% among the controls) was three to four times higher than that quoted for United Kingdom community samples (7.6% [24]). In contrast, the proportion of women who could be classified as depression cases at 4 weeks after loss (14% in the intervention group and 10% among the controls) was comparable to the community sample estimates (10-12% [24,25]).…”

“…At 4 weeks after loss, the proportion of cases with clinical anxiety (27% in the intervention group and 33% among the controls) was three to four times higher than that quoted for United Kingdom community samples (7.6% [24]). In contrast, the proportion of women who could be classified as depression cases at 4 weeks after loss (14% in the intervention group and 10% among the controls) was comparable to the community sample estimates (10-12% [24,25]). As can be seen from Table 2, the mean anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly with time in all three groups ( Pb.0001 for both anxiety and depression, respectively) ( Table 2).…”

Development and evaluation of a miscarriage follow-up clinic

“…Of these, a threshold for probable clinical 'cases' of anxiety was met by 23%, and for depression by 3% of women, respectively. The identified levels of anxiety were higher than those reported for community samples (8%, Surtees et al, 1983), whilst the prevalence rates of depression were not (10%, Gath et al, 1987). The distress levels were similar to those identified in studies of women with spontaneous miscarriages.…”

Web based health surveys: Using a Two Step Heckman model to examine their potential for population health analysis

“…Developed from a 36 items of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (Surtees et al, 1983), GADs is eighteen-item self-report symptom inventory with 'yes' or 'no' responses to items asking how respondents had been feeling in the past few weeks. Nine items each comprise the anxiety and depression scales and the scales can be separated to examine the case prevalence of depression (GDs) or Anxiety (GAs) alone.…”