Pseudotumor Cerebri

Abstract

Probable cases of pseudotumor cerebri were described more than a hundred years ago. A great deal of controversy existed regarding proper terminology and disease characterization. The clinical entity was doubtful before the routine use of ventriculography in the 1930s. Throughout history, many terms have been used, including serous meningitis, pseudotumor cerebri, otitic hydrocephalus, angioneurotic hydrocephalus, toxic hydrocephalus, meningeal hypertension, hypertensive meningeal hydrops, pseudoabscess, intracranial hypertension of unknown cause, papilledema of indeterminate etiology, intracranial pressure without brain tumor, benign intracranial hypertension, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Meta-Analysis of CSF Diversion Procedures and Dural Venous Sinus Stenting in the Setting of Medically Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis resulting in decreased CSF outflow (Quinke), increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot), hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington), and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial vascular bed (Dandy). 52 The mainstays of conservative therapy include weight loss, medications to reduce CSF production, and repeated high-volume lumbar punctures. Despite these measures, some patients may have progressive symptoms or develop visual changes.…”

Meta-Analysis of CSF Diversion Procedures and Dural Venous Sinus Stenting in the Setting of Medically Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis resulting in decreased CSF outflow (Quinke), increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot), hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington), and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial vascular bed (Dandy). 52 The mainstays of conservative therapy include weight loss, medications to reduce CSF production, and repeated high-volume lumbar punctures. Despite these measures, some patients may have progressive symptoms or develop visual changes.…”

Dural venous sinus stenting for medically and surgically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis (Quinke); increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot); hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington); and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial bed (Dandy). 11 In a subset of patients, increased intracranial pressure may be due to a focal stenosis in a dural venous sinus. Since CSF is normally absorbed by the pressure-sensitive arachnoid granulations, a stenosis of any sinus may lead to impaired venous drainage, resulting in decreased cerebral venous drainage, which ultimately results in cerebral venous hypertension and impaired CSF reabsorption.…”

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: case report

“…In young obese women, the incidence of IIH has been shown to reach 20 cases per 100,000 (1,2,13,14). Although this condition has no genetic or ethnic predilection, studies have shown a higher prevalence of IIH in overweight and obese people (1,2,15).…”

Meta-Analysis of CSF Diversion Procedures and Dural Venous Sinus Stenting in the Setting of Medically Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis resulting in decreased CSF outflow (Quinke), increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot), hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington), and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial vascular bed (Dandy). 52 The mainstays of conservative therapy include weight loss, medications to reduce CSF production, and repeated high-volume lumbar punctures. Despite these measures, some patients may have progressive symptoms or develop visual changes.…”

Dural venous sinus stenting for medically and surgically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis (Quinke); increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot); hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington); and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial bed (Dandy). 11 In a subset of patients, increased intracranial pressure may be due to a focal stenosis in a dural venous sinus. Since CSF is normally absorbed by the pressure-sensitive arachnoid granulations, a stenosis of any sinus may lead to impaired venous drainage, resulting in decreased cerebral venous drainage, which ultimately results in cerebral venous hypertension and impaired CSF reabsorption.…”

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: case report

“…In young obese women, the incidence of IIH has been shown to reach 20 cases per 100,000 (1,2,13,14). Although this condition has no genetic or ethnic predilection, studies have shown a higher prevalence of IIH in overweight and obese people (1,2,15).…”

Meta-Analysis of CSF Diversion Procedures and Dural Venous Sinus Stenting in the Setting of Medically Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis resulting in decreased CSF outflow (Quinke), increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot), hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington), and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial vascular bed (Dandy). 52 The mainstays of conservative therapy include weight loss, medications to reduce CSF production, and repeated high-volume lumbar punctures. Despite these measures, some patients may have progressive symptoms or develop visual changes.…”

Dural venous sinus stenting for medically and surgically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension

“…Some early hypotheses for IIH included serous meningitis (Quinke); increased CSF in the subarachnoid space (Passot); hydrocephalus due to remote effects of bacterial toxins or otitis media (Warrington); and altered vasomotor control of the intracranial bed (Dandy). 11 In a subset of patients, increased intracranial pressure may be due to a focal stenosis in a dural venous sinus. Since CSF is normally absorbed by the pressure-sensitive arachnoid granulations, a stenosis of any sinus may lead to impaired venous drainage, resulting in decreased cerebral venous drainage, which ultimately results in cerebral venous hypertension and impaired CSF reabsorption.…”

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: case report

“…In young obese women, the incidence of IIH has been shown to reach 20 cases per 100,000 (1,2,13,14). Although this condition has no genetic or ethnic predilection, studies have shown a higher prevalence of IIH in overweight and obese people (1,2,15).…”