Pruritus induced by crude bile and purified bile acids. Experimental production of pruritus in human skin

Oral Guar Gum, a Gel-Forming Dietary Fiber Relieves Pruritus in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

“…In addition, we found a significant correlation between the change in pruritus and the change in serum bile acid concentration in the guar gum treated group. There is indirect evidence that in ICP the elevated serum bile acid concentration contributes to the sensitation of pruritus in the skin (5,6,17) or that is related to a direct effect of bile salts on hepatocytes (18,19). In the present study, although the individual variations were wide, we observed a significant correlation between serum bile acid concentration and the intensity of pruritus, which has not been shown earlier in ICP.…”

Serum adropin Level in Pregnancy Related Pruritus

“…The buildup of bile acids in the interstitial fluid of the skin has been postulated. Serum bile acid does not, however, have a good correlation with maternal symptoms and although applying bile acids to blister bases or intradermic bile acid injections leads to pruritus [24], absolute skin bile acid levels do not correspond well with itch sensations [25]. Szczęch et al [26] noted that 13,6% of patients had very mild, 28,8% were mild, 44,1% had moderate, 11,9% were severe, and 1,7% had very severe itching intensity.…”

The TGR5 receptor mediates bile acid–induced itch and analgesia

“…The findings that BA levels are elevated in serum and skin of cholestatic patients (18,19), that BAs cause itch (20,21), and that BA-binding resins are an effective treatment (22) implicate BAs as causative agents of cholestatic itch. We observed hyperexcitability of DRG neurons and release of transmitters of itch and analgesia at BA concentrations, in line with the elevated levels of total BAs detected in serum of patients with cholestatic disease (61).…”