“…The 1st MTP joint deformity often causes lessor toe deformities and midfoot instability 8 . In patients with RA, the surgeries for HV, such as arthrodesis, resection arthroplasty, and osteotomy, have been reported to show good clinical results 9, 10, 11, 12. Conversely, in nonsurgical treatment for HV, education, footwear, orthoses, and anti-inflammatory drugs have been recommended and their efficacies have been reported 13, 14, 15.…”