Provitamin A Carotenoid–Biofortified Maize Consumption Increases Pupillary Responsiveness among Zambian Children in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Palmer, Amanda; Healy, Katherine; Barffour, Maxwell A.; Siamusantu, Ward; Chileshe, Justin; Schulze, Kerry; West, Keith P.; Labrique, Alain

doi:10.3945/jn.116.239202

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Success in terms of biofortification of maize includes a target level of 15 µg/g of β-carotene, to provide an~50% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A in maize-eating regions [4,5]. Included in this EAR estimates are that these levels should be retained through post-harvest and food processing [6,7] and considers ultimate bioavailability in humans [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability

et al. 2019

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Biofortified orange maize open-pollinated varieties and hybrids with higher provitamin A carotenoids (pVACs) have been released in sub-Saharan Africa and will be introduced throughout the local food systems. This study assessed the impact of steeping, a traditional processing method, on retention of carotenoids and starch pasting properties of porridges made from select biofortified maize genotypes. Steeping had a modest effect (<9% loss) on total carotenoid stability during relatively shorter steeping periods (<72 h). However, more extended steeping periods (up to 120 h) had a detrimental effect on total carotenoid recovery (61% loss). Xanthophylls showed greater stability (82% retention) compared to carotenes (30% retention) during subsequent wet cooking of fermented flours. Interestingly, steeping of maize did modify pasting properties, with peak viscosities increasing from 24–72 h of steeping potentially impacting cooking stability. These results suggest that steeping can impact carotenoid retention and potentially optimal steeping times would be 24–72 h for acceptable carotenoid retention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability

et al. 2019

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“…For instance, Palmer et al [14] demonstrated improved pupillary responsiveness through consumption of provitamin A carotenoid-biofortified maize, while Jones and de Brauw [15] showed promising evidence of orange sweet potato in reducing childhood diarrhoea. While these crop-based interventions have proven to have substantive benefits, to date they have mostly targeted replacement of single micronutrients [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock ownership, animal source foods and child nutritional outcomes in seven rural village clusters in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2017

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Background: Sub-Saharan Africa currently has the highest prevalence of malnutrition worldwide. In children under the age of 5 years, malnutrition can have long-term effects on physical and cognitive development, with implications at the national scale. Theoretically, livestock-based interventions are well placed to overcome constraints faced by micronutrient and/or food-based interventions. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. Methods:This study utilised agriculture, nutrition and anthropometry data from the Millennium Villages Project to investigate relationships between livestock ownership, animal source foods (ASF) consumption and child nutritional outcomes across seven rural village clusters in Sub-Saharan Africa. Village clusters were located in different agro-ecological zones and included: Bonsaaso, Ghana; Mayange, Rwanda; Mwandama, Malawi; Tiby, Mali; Pampaida, Nigeria; Potou, Senegal; and Ruhiira, Uganda. Data from 1624 households (including 1543 children) were included in the analysis.Results: Overall, the proportion of children with stunting, underweight or wasting across the seven village clusters was 40, 18 and 5%, respectively. Livestock ownership, ASF consumption and child nutritional outcomes varied between village clusters. Households that owned livestock were generally more likely to consume associated ASF. For example, the proportion of households that consumed milk was higher in households that owned cows compared to those that did not in Pampaida, Mayange and Ruhiira (P < 0.05), while poultry meat consumption was generally higher in poultry-keeping households in Mayange and Ruhiira (P < 0.05). The relationship between ASF consumption and anthropometric measurements was complex, ranging from positively to negatively associated depending on the food commodity and village cluster. For instance, in Ruhiira, the mean weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) was significantly higher (better) in children from households that consumed eggs in the last 30 days, while in Potou, mean WAZ was significantly lower (worse) in children from households that consumed eggs in the last 30 days (P < 0.05). Conclusions:This study contributes to the growing body of research that investigates the relationships between livestock ownership, ASF consumption and nutritional outcomes in children. Our results reveal complex patterns that vary across agro-ecological zones. More research is needed to assess seasonal variations in these factors, effects of gender roles on intra-household distribution of ASF, as well as effects of zoonotic food-borne diseases on nutritional status of children in these sites.

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“…For example, consumption of biofortified orange sweet potato improved total-body vitamin A stores across different age groups [255,259,260]. Similarly, intake of biofortified orange maize resulted in a significant improvement in vitamin A status, indicated by an increase in pupillary responsiveness, of marginally vitamin A deficient children [255,261]. Finally, Golden Rice has the potential to fulfill up to 89−113% and 57−99% of the estimated average requirement for vitamin A for preschool children in Bangladesh and the Philippines, respectively [258].…”

Section: Are Carotenoids From Biofortified Crops Useful?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants: citius, altius, fortius

Zheng

Giuliano

Al‐Babili

2020

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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Provitamin A Carotenoid–Biofortified Maize Consumption Increases Pupillary Responsiveness among Zambian Children in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 47 publications

References 32 publications

Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability

Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability

Livestock ownership, animal source foods and child nutritional outcomes in seven rural village clusters in Sub-Saharan Africa

Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants: citius, altius, fortius

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