Proton translocating ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of eugenol and thymol

Ahmad, Aijaz; Khan, Amber; Yousuf, Snowber; Khan, Luqman Ahmad; Manzoor, Nikhat

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2010.07.020

Cited by 104 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Observations with a confocal laser microscope confirmed that thymol disrupts the cell membrane in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus because it acts at the phospholipid bilayer of the cells [20]. The action of the phenols on yeast was not remarkable in the present study, contrary to previous works [21] that confirm the higher susceptibility of C. albicans to the thyme and clove oils because they may break up its structural integrity faster than the bacteria. The different results of the antimicrobial sensitivity could be due to several factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Visible light enhances the antimicrobial effect of some essential oils

Marqués-Calvo

Codony²,

Agustí³

et al. 2017

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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The photodisinfection is a topical, broad spectrum antimicrobial technology, targeting bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa effective for single cells as for biofilms. Natural molecules have been studied less than synthetic agents in the process but they are currently receiving great interest. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate for the first time if non-coherent blue and red light enhances the antimicrobial activity of some essential oils when standard strains for antibiotic or fungicide tests are enlightened in vitro. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans collection strains were irradiated with monochromatic visible light from light emitting diodes in the presence of 5% and 0.5% eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils. Microbial levels were measured by plate count on culture media. In this preliminary report, the results differ according to the kind and concentration of antimicrobial oils, the wavelength of light, and the prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganism. The results support the idea that mainly blue light enhances the innate antimicrobial activity of the essential oils, especially phenols, and could offer a very efficient and natural way to combat microorganisms in several industries and medical applications.Postprint (author's final draft

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Visible light enhances the antimicrobial effect of some essential oils

Marqués-Calvo

Codony²,

Agustí³

et al. 2017

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy

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“…7 Thymol has been shown to be an effective fungicide, particularly against fluconazole-resistant strains 8 and was demonstrated to have strong antimutagenic effect. 9 In addi-Lazarevi} et al: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico ... tion, there is evidence that thymol has antitumor properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keeping in view diverse pharmacological activities of thymol [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and preliminary results on bioactivity of thymyl derivatives 4,5,22,25,[28][29][30]33 we have set the aim of our study. By making a single modification of a phenolic functionality in thymol we have obtained a series of ester compounds (3a-t), performed their structural characterization, in vitro antimicrobial testing and in silico calculation of physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico Studies on Thymol Esters

Lazarević

Kolarević

Stojanović

et al. 2017

ACSi

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Derivatisation of parent structure in terpenoids often results in enhancement of biological activity of newly obtained compounds. Thymol, a naturally occurring phenol biosynthesized through the terpene pathway, is a well known biocide with strong antimicrobial attributes and diverse therapeutic activities. We have aimed our study on a single modification of phenolic functionality in thymol in order to obtain a small focused library of twenty thymyl esters, ten of which were new compounds. All compounds were involved in in vitro antimicrobial testing. Another important aspect of current study was implementation of in silico calculation of physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which could be helpful by giving an additional guidance in further research.

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“…Thymol is part of a naturally occurring class of compounds known as biocides, with strong antimicrobial attributes when used alone or with other biocides. The antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal activities of thymol were the subject of many studies (Palaniappan & Holley, 2010;Ündeğer et al, 2009;Ahmad et al, 2010). Particularly, thymol has been successfully used in vitro against pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus, C. albicans and moulds (Giordani et al, 2004;Shin & Kim, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, thymol has been successfully used in vitro against pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus, C. albicans and moulds (Giordani et al, 2004;Shin & Kim, 2004). Thymol has been shown to be an effective fungicide, particularly against fluconazole clinical C. albicans isolates, including fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible C. albicans strains, when combined with fluconazole or amphotericin B, although it shows weak antifungal activity when used alone (Guo et al, 2009;Ahmad et al, 2010). The improvement of cutaneous candidiasis following topical application of aqueous extract of Av may be related to the boosting of immune systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-candidal activity of Astragalus verus in the in vitro and in vivo guinea pig models of cutaneous and systemic candidiasis

Mikaeili¹,

Karimi²,

Shamspur³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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This study was design to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of Astragalus verus Olivier, Fabaceae (Av). The GC/MS analysis of essential oils of Av showed that aqueous extract contains thymol while hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester and phytol were found as major components of methanol and acetone extracts. The aqueous extract showed anti-candidal activity in the concentration 320 mg/mL using disc diffusion method and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 160 mg/mL. To induce cutaneous candidiasis, the dorsum of immunocompromised guinea pigs was infected with Candida albicans and animals were divided into five groups (n=5 for each): NC, received a vehicle; PC, received topical ketoconazole 2% and three other groups which received topical 10, 20 and 40% aqueous extract of Av. On ninth day postinfection, skins were cultured and colony forming unite per gram (CFU/g) skin was recorded. Systemic candidiasis was obtained by intravenous inoculation of C. albicans, 4000 CFU/g body weight. Here, animals have been divided into five groups like cutaneous candidiasis but their medications have been delivered in drinking water for ten days before induction of infection. On second day postinfection, all internal tissues were taken for determining CFU/g tissue. The aqueous extract (40%) prevented heavy burden of C. albicans in tissues and skin in oral and topical application, respectively. The results indicate that Av represents a potential source of anti-candidal drug.

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Proton translocating ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of eugenol and thymol

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Visible light enhances the antimicrobial effect of some essential oils

Visible light enhances the antimicrobial effect of some essential oils

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico Studies on Thymol Esters

Anti-candidal activity of Astragalus verus in the in vitro and in vivo guinea pig models of cutaneous and systemic candidiasis

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