Proton spin relaxation studies of fatty tissue and cerebral white matter

Kamman, R. L.; Go, K.G.; Muskiet, Frits A. J.; Stomp, G.P.; Dijk, Pim van; Berendsen, Herman J. C.

doi:10.1016/0730-725x(84)90007-9

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As far as brain imaging is concerned, this contrast difference seems to be less relevant because lipid protons do not contribute significantly to the brain signal [28] and signal from subcutaneous tissue does not interfere with lesion detection. The phenomenon of a bright fat signal is well known for FSE sequences and has been attributed to reduced diffusion-mediated susceptibility dephasing and reduced J-coupling [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Imaging of the brain using the fast-spin-echo and gradient-spin-echo techniques

et al. 1998

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The aim of our study was to compare gradient-spin-echo (GRASE) to fast-spin-echo (FSE) sequences for fast T2-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Thirty-one patients with high-signal-intensity lesions on T2-weighted images were examined on a 1.5-T MR system. The FSE and GRASE sequences with identical sequence parameters were obtained and compared side by side. Image assessment criteria included lesion conspicuity, contrast between different types of normal tissue, and image artifacts. In addition, signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise, and contrast ratios and were determined. The FSE technique demonstrated more lesions than GRASE and with generally better conspicuity. Smaller lesions in particular were better demonstrated on FSE because of lower image noise and slightly weaker image artifacts. Gray-white differentiation was better on FSE. Ferritin and hemosiderin depositions appeared darker on GRASE, which resulted in better contrast. Fatty tissue was less bright on GRASE. With current standard hardware equipment, the FSE technique seems preferable to GRASE for fast T2-weighted routine MR imaging of the brain. For the assessment of hemosiderin or ferritin depositions, GRASE might be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Imaging of the brain using the fast-spin-echo and gradient-spin-echo techniques

et al. 1998

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“…(Kamman et al 1984). This frequency difference between protons in water and fat is called the chemical shift.…”

Section: Chemical Shift Based Opposed-phase Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin lock and magnetization transfer imaging of head and neck tumors.

Markkola¹,

Aronen²,

Paavonen³

et al. 1996

Radiology

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“…It was initially thought that the signal of white matter was determined by the high lipid content of myelin (compared with high signal of subcutaneous fat on T1-weighted MR images). The protons of those lipids, however, are firmly bound, and have broad resonances with very short T2 relaxation times, and therefore cannot be appreciated in conventional imaging techniques [5]. …”

Section: Normal White Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of White Matter Lesions

Barkhof¹,

2002

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very sensitive for the detection of white matter lesions (WML), which occur even in normal ageing. Intrinsic WML should be separated from physiological changes in the ageing brain, such as periventricular caps and bands, and from dilated Virchow-Robin spaces. Genuine WML are best seen with T2-weighted sequences such as long TR dual-echo spin-echo or FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery); the latter has the advantage of easily separating WML from CSF-like lesions. Abnormal T2 signal in MRI is not specific, and can accompany any change in tissue composition. In the work-up of WML in small vessel disease, magnetic resonance angiography can be used to rule out (concomitant) large vessel disease, and diffusion-weighted MRI to identify new ischaemic lesions (amidst pre-existing old WML). The differential diagnosis of WML includes hereditary leukodystrophies and acquired disorders. The leukodystrophies that can present in adult age include metachromatic leukodystrophy, globoid cell leukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, mitochondrial disorders, vanishing white matter, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. These metabolic disorders typically present with symmetrical abnormalities that can be very diffuse, often with involvement of brainstem and cerebellum. Only the mitochondrial disorders tend to be more asymmetric and frequently involve the grey matter preferentially. Among the acquired white matter disorders, hypoxic-ischaemic causes are by far the most prevalent and without further clinical clues there is no need to even consider the next most common disorder, i.e. multiple sclerosis (MS). Among the nonischaemic disorders, MS is far more common than vasculitis, infection, intoxication and trauma. While vasculitis can mimic small vessel disease, MS has distinctive features with preferential involvement of the subcortical U-fibres, the corpus callosum, temporal lobes and the brainstem/cerebellum. Spinal cord lesions are very common in MS, but do not occur in normal ageing nor in small vessel disease.

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Proton spin relaxation studies of fatty tissue and cerebral white matter

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Imaging of the brain using the fast-spin-echo and gradient-spin-echo techniques

Imaging of the brain using the fast-spin-echo and gradient-spin-echo techniques

Spin lock and magnetization transfer imaging of head and neck tumors.

Imaging of White Matter Lesions

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