Proton MR Spectroscopy Correlates of Frontal Lobe Function in Healthy Children

Öztürk, Arzu; Degaonkar, Mahaveer; Matson, Melissa A.; Wells, Carolyn T.; Mahone, E. Mark; Horská, Alena

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1576

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The findings of significant negative associations between the performance on tests of working memory and motor speed and deep gray matter ADC in healthy children are in agreement with previous MRI-based studies on functional networks involving the frontal, prefrontal, and striatal regions in the developing brain [11, 20, 21]. A similar trend of decreasing test scores with increasing ADC was also observed in patients on the test of motor speed but not on the tests of working memory, possibly suggesting disruption of the pathways linking the cortical regions with the striatum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diffusion tensor imaging of deep gray matter in children treated for brain malignancies

et al. 2013

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Purpose Previous DTI studies reported microstructural changes in white matter of patients receiving treatment for brain malignancies. The primary aim of this prospective pilot longitudinal study was to examine if DTI can detect microstructural changes in deep gray matter (as evaluated by the apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC) between pediatric patients treated with cranial radiation therapy (CRT) and typically developing healthy children. The relationship between ADC and neurobehavioral performance was also examined. Methods ADC was measured at 1.5T in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, and hippocampus in 9 patients (mean age 11.8 years) and 9 age-matched healthy controls. The study was designed with 4 visits: baseline, 6-month, 15-month, and 27-month follow-ups. Results Patients had 24% higher overall mean ADC in the hippocampus compared with controls (p=0.003). Post-hoc analyses revealed significantly elevated ADC at baseline (p=0.003) and at the 27-month follow-up (p=0.006). Nevertheless, patients performed normally on a verbal memory test, considered to be a hippocampus-related function. Relative to controls, patients' performance on the tests of the visual-spatial working memory decreased over time (group by visit: p=0.036). Both patients and controls showed a decline in motor speed with increasing ADC in the globus pallidus and putamen. Conclusions Childhood brain malignancies and their treatment may affect gray matter microstructure as measured by water diffusion. Significant findings in the hippocampus but not other regions suggest that differences in tissue sensitivity to disease- and treatment-related injury among gray matter regions may exist. ADC in basal ganglia may be associated with motor performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Diffusion tensor imaging of deep gray matter in children treated for brain malignancies

et al. 2013

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“…Prior studies of younger children found higher NA/tCr in the FWM of girls than boys(Ozturk et al, 2009), but studies of older adults showed higher FWM NA (Schweinsburg et al, 2003) and ACC CHO (Chang et al, 1999) in men than women. The age-associated increase in ACC CHO, seen only in the male adolescent controls, may represent the early development of the sex-differences in CHO that occurs later in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Age and sex effects levels of choline compounds in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent methamphetamine users

Cloak¹,

Alicata²,

Chang³

et al. 2011

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Methamphetamine can be neurotoxic to the adult brain; however, many individuals first use methamphetamine during adolescence, and the drug’s impact on this period of brain development is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated young methamphetamine users for possible abnormalities in brain metabolite concentrations. Methods Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), frontal white matter (FWM), basal ganglia, and thalamus were studied with localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 54 periadolescent (ages 13–23 years) methamphetamine users and 53 comparison subjects. The concentrations of major brain metabolites and their associations with age, sex and cognition were assessed. Results FWM total-creatine correlated with age in methamphetamine-using males and comparison females, but not comparison males or methamphetamine-using females, leading to a drug by sex by age interaction (p=0.003) and ACC choline-containing compounds (CHO) correlated with age only in comparison males leading to a drug by sex by age interaction (p=0.03). Higher ACC CHO was associated with faster performance on the Stroop Interference task in the control males. Male methamphetamine users had slowest performance on the Stroop Interference task and did not show showed age-appropriate levels of ACC CHO. Conclusions The altered age-appropriate levels of ACC CHO and poorer executive function in male methamphetamine users suggest methamphetamine abuse may interfere with brain maturation. These periadolescents did not have the abnormal neuronal markers previously reported in adult methamphetamine users, suggesting that neuronal abnormalities may be the result of long-term use or interference in normal cortical maturation, emphasizing the need for early intervention for young methamphetamine users.

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“…The participant is asked to look at a picture of beads placed in a particular pattern, then (after a brief pause) to reproduce the pattern from memory. Among typically developing children, Bead Memory performance correlates with right frontal NAA/Cr ratios on MRSI (Ozturk et al, in press). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participant is asked to place pegs in the holes in a vertical manner, first with the dominant hand, then with the nondominant hand, and then using both hands. The examiner records the number of pegs placed in 30 s. Performance on the Purdue Pegboard has been associated with frontal NAA/Cr ratios in children (Ozturk et al, in press). …”

Section: Language and Verbal Memory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological follow-up study in a pediatric brain tumor patient treated with surgery and radiation

et al. 2010

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Intracranial tumors are the most common neoplasms of childhood, accounting for approximately 20% of all pediatric malignancies. Radiation therapy has led directly to significant increases in survival of children with certain types of intracranial tumors; however, given the aggressive nature of this therapy, children are at risk for exhibiting changes in brain structure, neuronal biochemistry, and neurocognitive functioning. In this case report, we present neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging data for two adolescents (one patient with ependymal spinal cord tumor with intracranial metastases, and one healthy, typically developing control) from three time points as defined by the patient's radiation schedule (baseline before the patient's radiation therapy, 6 months following completion of the patient's radiation, and 27 months following the patient's radiation). In the patient, there were progressive decreases in gray and white matter volumes as well as early decreases in mean N-acetyl aspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) ratios and fractional anisotropy (FA) in regions with normal appearance on conventional MRI. At the last follow-up, NAA/Cho and FA tended to change in the direction to normal values in selected regions. At the same time, the patient had initial reduction in language and motor skills, followed by return to baseline, but later onset delay in visuospatial and visual perceptual skills. Results are discussed in terms of sensitivity of the four techniques to early and late effects of treatment, and avenues for future investigations.

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Proton MR Spectroscopy Correlates of Frontal Lobe Function in Healthy Children

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Diffusion tensor imaging of deep gray matter in children treated for brain malignancies

Diffusion tensor imaging of deep gray matter in children treated for brain malignancies

Age and sex effects levels of choline compounds in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent methamphetamine users

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological follow-up study in a pediatric brain tumor patient treated with surgery and radiation

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