Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can differentiate Alzheimer's disease from normal aging

Parnetti, Lucilla; Tarducci, R.; Presciutti, O.; Löwenthal, David; Pippi, Margherita; Palumbo, Barbara; Gobbi, G.; Pelliccioli, G.P.; Senin, Umberto

doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(97)01877-0

Cited by 118 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…NAA/mI ratio has been found to be useful for distinguishing between AD patients and healthy subjects. In fact, some affirm [141,151,152] that this is the most robust marker of the disease. MRSI could also help in the prediction from MCI to dementia.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (Mrsi)mentioning

confidence: 98%

On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey

Alberdi

Aztiria

Basarab

2016

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

149

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (Mrsi)mentioning

confidence: 98%

On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey

Alberdi

Aztiria

Basarab

2016

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

149

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“…10,11 mI has been suggested as a glial marker 12,13 and, in contrast to NAA, is increased in AD. 14,15 Many SV MRS studies showed increased mI 16-23 associated with decreased NAA [16][17][18][19][20][23][24][25][26] in AD. However, SV MRS has limited ability to measure regional metabolite variations and thus, the regional distribution of mI elevations in AD remains unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alzheimer Disease on Fronto-parietal Brain N-acetyl Aspartate and Myo-Inositol Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

Zhu¹,

Schuff²,

Kornak³

et al. 2006

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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Previous magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) reporting reduced N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and increased myo-Inositol (mI) used single voxel techniques, which have limited ability to assess the regional distribution of the metabolite abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine the regional distribution of NAA and mI alterations in AD by using MR spectroscopic imaging. Fourteen patients with AD and 22 cognitively normal elderly were studied using structural MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging. Changes of NAA, mI, and various metabolite ratios were measured in frontal and parietal lobe gray matter (GM) and white matter. This study found: (1) when compared with cognitively normal subjects, AD patients had increased mI and mI/creatine (Cr) ratios primarily in parietal lobe GM, whereas frontal lobe GM and white matter were spared; (2) in the same region where mI was increased, AD patients had also decreased NAA and NAA/Cr ratios, replicating previous findings; (3) however, increased mI or mI/ Cr ratios did not correlate with decreased NAA or NAA/Cr ratios; and (4) using mI/Cr and NAA/Cr together improved sensitivity and specificity to AD from control as compared with NAA/Cr alone. In conclusion, decreased NAA and increased mI in AD are primarily localized in parietal lobe GM regions. However, the NAA and mI changes are not correlated with each other, suggesting that they represent different processes that might help staging of AD. KeywordsAlzheimer disease; short TE 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; brain myo-Inositol Reprints: Xiaoping Zhu, MD, PhD, MR Unit, 114M, VA Medical Center/UCSF, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121 (e-mail: zhupxia@itsa.ucsf.edu).. Sources of Support: Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: AG10897; AG12435; EB00207; EB00822; EB000766; Grant sponsor: VA Research: MIRECC, REAP. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAlzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 March 13. Published in final edited form as:Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2006 ; 20(2): 77-85. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAlzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques, as well as progressive loss of neurons that initially involve the hippocampal formation, temporoparietal cortex, and at later stages other cortical regions. 1-3 Such stereotypical regional spread of pathology may be delineated with imaging techniques, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed brain tissue loss 4 and functional imaging by positron emission tomography (PET), which demonstrated cerebral glucose hypometabolism in AD. 5 However, neither structural MRI nor PET provides specific measures of neuronal or glial alterations.In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to measure levels of brain metabolites, such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and myo-Inositol (mI) in AD. 6 Because NAA is found in relative...

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“…In patients with amnestic MCI mI/Cr ratios are elevated but NAA/Cr ratios are only mildly decreased. These findings suggest that the mI/Cr ratio increase happens earlier than does the decrease in NAA/Cr ratio decrease in AD (Parnetti et al, 1997). In a recent 1H MRS study, Cho/Cr ratios longitudinally increased in patients with amnestic MCI who progressed to AD (Kantarci et al, 2007).…”

Section: Fig 3 Mrs In Alzheimer Diseasementioning

confidence: 79%

Currently Available Neuroimaging Approaches in Alzheimer Disease (AD) Early Diagnosis

Ortiz-Terán¹,

Santos²,

Martín³

et al. 2011

The Clinical Spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease -the Charge Toward Comprehensive Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies

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Computerized Tomography (CT)Nowadays CT is not considered a standard technique for diagnosing AD, least of all in early stages. Its main usefulness is in differential diagnosis since it is less expensive, faster and more widely available than MRI. CT allows ruling out some clinical situations which lead to MEGMeasures magnetic fields and, indirectly, yields rather precise information about brain electrical activity CT = computerized tomography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; SPECT = single-photon emission computed tomography; PET = positron emission tomography; MEG = magnetoencephalography; BOLD = blood oxygen level-dependent; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate; Cr = Creatinine; AD = Alzheimer's disease Table 1. Typical findings of different brain imaging methods used in AD and MCI diagnosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 1.2.1 Structural MRIThis technique provides the best possible spatial resolution. Given the fact the most robust neuroimaging finding in AD is the atrophy of mesial temporal structures, structural MRI is the most widely used approach. Hippocampal atrophy is another well known finding, but atrophy within other brain areas has also been described in entorrhinal cortex, amygdala, basal ganglia (nucleus basalis of Meynert), thalamus and bilateral parietal cortex. It is relevant to mention here that in terms of early diagnosis some consider the entorrhinal cortex as the earliest area affected by AD. Other researchers have stated that the nucleus basalis of Meynert is a key structure in AD early diagnosis (Herholz et al, 2004;Grothe et al, 2010). Functional MRI (fMRI)fMRI provides signal intensities images associated with a relative cerebral blood flow during cognitive tasks. Resting and activation functional MRI studies have showed a lesser coordinated activity in the hippocampus, inferior parietal lobes -both bilaterally-and cingulate cortex in patients with AD. This neuroimaging technique is nowadays used to monitor AD patients' treatment. Combining genetic risk with functional MRI memory task paradigms has shown to be a very accurate pre-symptomatic predictor of cognitive decline. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)DTI allows visualizing neuronal connectivity or, more precisely, local fiber orientation and white matter tracts integrity. Patients with AD show decreased fiber density in temporal white matter, probably related to the medial temporal grey matter atrophy, as well as in the splenium of the corpus callosum. www.intechopen.com Currently Available Neuroimaging Approaches in Alzheimer Disease (AD) Early Diagnosis 149In mild cognitive impairment (MCI), however, this decreased fiber density has been located in the anterior part of the corpus callosum. SpectroscopyIt provides information on tissue substrate or metabolite concentrations. Specifically the Nacetyl aspartate (NAA) has been used as a biomarker of neuronal death, and it has been demonstrated that in patients with MCI and AD is significantly reduced compared to hea...

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can differentiate Alzheimer's disease from normal aging

Cited by 118 publications

References 16 publications

On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey

On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey

Effects of Alzheimer Disease on Fronto-parietal Brain N-acetyl Aspartate and Myo-Inositol Using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging

Currently Available Neuroimaging Approaches in Alzheimer Disease (AD) Early Diagnosis

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