Proteomic analysis of the adaptation to warming in the Antarctic bacteria Shewanella frigidimarina

García-Descalzo, L.; García‐López, Eva; Alcázar, Alberto; Baquero, Fernando; Cid, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.08.006

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The study of these adaptation strategies aims to identify the limits of life at these temperatures ( Table 3 ). Adaptations include: (i) the synthesis of catalytically efficient enzymes that are functional at low temperatures with a high efficiency ( Feller and Gerday, 2003 ); (ii) the synthesis of specialized unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane to increase its fluidity ( Los and Murata, 2004 ; Nichols et al, 2004 ); (iii) the production of extracellular polymeric substances ( Krembs et al, 2011 ) which affect ice crystal structure and allow the cell to protect itself from frostbite (e.g., sugars, polysaccharides, antifreeze proteins) ( Alcazar et al, 2010 ; Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2012a ); (iv) the synthesis of certain proteins that allow synthesizing others at low temperatures ( Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2011 ); (v) the reorganization of protein networks ( Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2014 ); (vi) the use pigments to obtain energy, stress resistance and for ultraviolet light protection ( Garcia-Lopez and Cid, 2016 ). For instance, colored glacier surfaces are caused by snow algae or melanized fungi.…”

Section: Microbial Communities Living In Glaciers and Ice Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, colored glacier surfaces are caused by snow algae or melanized fungi. Additionally, some cold-adapted bacteria produce pigments such as xanthins, carotenes and cytochromes ( Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Microbial Communities Living In Glaciers and Ice Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that microbial proteins take part in complexes, which are modulated by the environment ( Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2014 ). Therefore, the molecular machinery in cold-adapted microorganisms is very adaptable through the interaction network they establish.…”

Section: Microbial Communities Living In Glaciers and Ice Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds

García‐López

Cid

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Icy worlds in the solar system and beyond have attracted a remarkable attention as possible habitats for life. The current consideration about whether life exists beyond Earth is based on our knowledge of life in terrestrial cold environments. On Earth, glaciers and ice sheets have been considered uninhabited for a long time as they seemed too hostile to harbor life. However, these environments are unique biomes dominated by microbial communities which maintain active biochemical routes. Thanks to techniques such as microscopy and more recently DNA sequencing methods, a great biodiversity of prokaryote and eukaryote microorganisms have been discovered. These microorganisms are adapted to a harsh environment, in which the most extreme features are the lack of liquid water, extremely cold temperatures, high solar radiation and nutrient shortage. Here we compare the environmental characteristics of icy worlds, and the environmental characteristics of terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets in order to address some interesting questions: (i) which are the characteristics of habitability known for the frozen worlds, and which could be compatible with life, (ii) what are the environmental characteristics of terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets that can be life-limiting, (iii) What are the microbial communities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that can live in them, and (iv) taking into account these observations, could any of these planets or satellites meet the conditions of habitability? In this review, the icy worlds are considered from the point of view of astrobiological exploration. With the aim of determining whether icy worlds could be potentially habitable, they have been compared with the environmental features of glaciers and ice sheets on Earth. We also reviewed some field and laboratory investigations about microorganisms that live in analog environments of icy worlds, where they are not only viable but also metabolically active.

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Section: Microbial Communities Living In Glaciers and Ice Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Communities Living In Glaciers and Ice Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds

García‐López

Cid

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Additionally, some examples of cold-adapted bacteria that produce pigments are the bacterium Sphingobacterium antarcticus, which produces zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, and b-carotene [30]. Other examples include the polar bacteria Octadecabacter arcticus and Octadecabacter antarcticus, producers of xanthorhodopsin [31], and Shewanella frigidimarina which produces the red cytochrome c3 [32,33]. Colored melanized fungi also live on glaciers, for instance, the oligotrophic genus Cladosporium [34].…”

Section: The Supraglacial Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microbial Ecology in Glacier Retreat

García‐López¹,

Cid²

2017

Glaciers Evolution in a Changing World

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Glaciers have been considered too hostile to harbor life for a long time. However, they are now recognized as unique biomes dominated by microbial communities which maintain active biochemical routes. Microbial communities inhabiting glaciers are diverse depending on the type of glacier and the area studied. Some glaciers have a marine margin and finish in a calving front, with partly or completely temperate tidewater tongues, this establishes important differences with respect to glaciers with a land margin. Depending on the glacier area studied, microorganisms are also characteristic as they establish a vertical food chain, from the surface photosynthesizers in upper illuminated layers to heterotrophs confined in the inner part. Glaciers are retreating in many areas of the world due to global warming. Microorganisms are their most abundant and unknown occupants. They play a main role, carrying out key processes in the development of soil and facilitating plant colonization when glaciers have ultimately retired. These microorganisms are perfectly adapted to their harsh environment and are very susceptible to environmental changes. This chapter summarizes the role of microbial ecology as indicator of the conservation status of glaciers.

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“…Some cold adapted microorganisms, such as Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Hyphomonas, Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, Planococcus and Halobacillus, exhibit the ability to grow and propagate at low temperatures (Bolter, 2004;Margesin and Miteva, 2011). Naturally, a variety of anatomical, metabolic and/or cellular strategies are involved in the mechanism to relieve the negative impacts of low temperature (Garcia-Descalzo et al, 2014;Godin-Roulling et al, 2015;Mitsuya et al, 2014;Qin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the cold adaptation ofRhodotorula glutinis

Yang

et al. 2015

Yeast

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This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 and the membrane fluidity, content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and mRNA expression level of the Δ 12 -desaturase gene. The optimum temperature for YM25079 growth was analysed first, then the composition changes of membrane lipid in YM25079 were detected by GC-MS and membrane fluidity was evaluated by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate (ANS) fluorescence. Meanwhile, the encoding sequence of Δ 12 -fatty acid desaturase in YM25079 was cloned and further transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVScl for functional analysis. The mRNA expression levels of Δ 12 -fatty acid desaturase at 15°C and 25°C were analysed by real-time PCR. YM25079 could grow at 5-30°C, with the optimum temperature of 15°C. The membrane fluidity of YM25079 was not significantly reduced when the culture temperature decreased from 25°C to 15°C, but the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid and α-Linolenic acid increased significantly from 29.4% to 55.39%. Furthermore, a novel Δ 12 -fatty acid desaturase gene YM25079RGD12 from YM25079 was successfully identified and characterized, and the mRNA transcription level of the Δ 12 -desaturase gene was about five-fold higher in YM25079 cells grown at 15°C than that at 25°C. These results suggests that the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 might result from higher expression of genes, especially the Δ 12 -fatty acid desaturase gene, during polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, which increased the content of PUFAs in the cell membrane and maintained the membrane fluidity at low temperature.

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Proteomic analysis of the adaptation to warming in the Antarctic bacteria Shewanella frigidimarina

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Glaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds

Glaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds

The Role of Microbial Ecology in Glacier Retreat

Correlation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the cold adaptation ofRhodotorula glutinis

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