Proteome changes in wild and modern wheat leaves upon drought stress by two-dimensional electrophoresis and nanoLC-ESI–MS/MS

Abstract

To elucidate differentially expressed proteins and to further understand post-translational modifications of transcripts, full leaf proteome profiles of two wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides TR39477 and TTD22) and one modern durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. Kızıltan) genotypes were compared upon 9-day drought stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nano-scale liquid chromatographic electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry methods. The three genotypes compared exhibit distinctive physiological responses to drought as previously shown by our group. Results demonstrated that many of the proteins were common in both wild emmer and modern wheat proteomes; of which, 75 were detected as differentially expressed proteins. Several proteins identified in all proteomes exhibited drought regulated patterns of expression. A number of proteins were observed with higher expression levels in response to drought in wild genotypes compared to their modern relative. Eleven protein spots with low peptide matches were identified as candidate unique drought responsive proteins. Of the differentially expressed proteins, four were selected and further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR at the transcriptome level to compare with the proteomic data. The present study provides protein level differences in response to drought in modern and wild genotypes of wheat that may account for the differences of the overall responses of these genotypes to drought. Such comparative proteomics analyses may aid in the better understanding of complex drought response and may suggest candidate genes for molecular breeding studies to improve tolerance against drought stress and, thus, to enhance yields.

The proteome response of “Hordeum marinum” to long-term salinity stress

“…Upregulation of rubisco activase was reported in stress-tolerant genotypes under various stresses (Caruso et al 2009;Sobhanian et al 2010;Budak et al 2013;De Abreu et al 2014). Moreover, an increase in Rubisco Activase was seen in our last experiment on cultivated barleys during salinity (Fatehi et al 2012a).…”

Diagonal two-dimensional electrophoresis (D-2DE): a new approach to study the effect of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)

“…Our results are in accord with the works of Budak et al [46] for example for RuBisCO; RT-qPCR revealed a marked decrease in transcript levels in all three genotypes upon drought stress. However, at the proteome level, all genotypes exhibited elevated levels in response to drought.…”

“…These results showed the effect of stress on the expression of this protein, despite the involvement of these proteins in other processes; Budak et al [46] performed proteomics analysis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) using two wild emmer wheat varieties TR39477 and TTD22, and one durum wheat cv. (Kızıltan).…”

Changes in the root proteome of Triticosecale grains germinating under osmotic stress

“…Glucosidase produced in large quantities during the germination of seeds allows the cleavage of plant's storage substances by hydrolysis of the endosperm cell walls (Leah et al 1995). Some studies have shown that the increase in the synthesis of beta-glucosidase is associated with a higher plant tolerance to osmotic stress (Budak et al 2013). This enzyme stimulates tissue growth and adapts the plant to altered environmental conditions by reducing the water potential of the cells (Mohammadi et al 2007).…”