Proteome Analysis of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease

Abstract

The interaction between the plant host, walnut (Juglans regia; Jr), and a deadly pathogen (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417; Xaj) can lead to walnut bacterial blight (WB), which depletes walnut productivity by degrading the nut quality. Here, we dissect this pathosystem using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics. Walnut hull tissues inoculated with Xaj were compared to mock-inoculated tissues, and 3972 proteins were identified, of which 3296 are from Jr and 676 from Xaj. Proteins with differential abundance include oxidoreductases, proteases, and enzymes involved in energy metabolism and amino acid interconversion pathways. Defense responses and plant hormone biosynthesis were also increased. Xaj proteins detected in infected tissues demonstrate its ability to adapt to the host microenvironment, limiting iron availability, coping with copper toxicity, and maintaining energy and intermediary metabolism. Secreted proteases and extracellular secretion apparatus such as type IV pilus for twitching motility and type III secretion effectors indicate putative factors recognized by the host. Taken together, these results suggest intense degradation processes, oxidative stress, and general arrest of the biosynthetic metabolism in infected nuts. Our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms and highlight potential molecular tools for early detection and disease control strategies.

Comparison of the broncoalveolar lavage fluid proteomics between foals and adult horses

“…The searches used semi-tryptic cleavage, 1.25 Da precursor mass tolerance, 1.0005 Da fragment ion tolerances, variable oxidation of methionine, and static modifications for alkylated cysteines and TMT tags (at peptide N-term and lysine). The proteomic analysis workflow (PAW) pipeline was used for peptide spectrum match (PSM) validation using the target/decoy method as previously described [ 24 ]. Basic parsimony and extended parsimony analyses were performed to obtain the final protein groups.…”

Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of response of walnuts (Juglans regia) to Pantoea agglomerans infection

“…Abdelrahman et al (2017) found that SA signaling-related genes PR1 and JA biosynthesis and signaling-related genes PLDa1 (phospholipase D alpha 1), OPR (12-oxophytodienoate reductase), and JIP23 (jasmonate-induced protein 23 KD) were upregulated in resistant wild Asparagus kiusianus stems relative to susceptible A. officinalis after P. asparagi infection. Sagawa et al (2020) found that the PR proteins PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR5 significantly accumulated in walnut fruits with Xaj infection, and moreover, the ethylene biosynthesis proteins 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACC) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAM) were increased. The qRT-PCR validation of selected genes.…”

“…Solar et al (2006) found that seasonal variations in phenolic compounds in annual shoots have a greater influence than phenolic content on the susceptibility of the shoots to walnut blight pathogens. Sagawa et al (2020) performed proteome analysis using Chandler walnut (J. regia) fruits inoculated with Xaj and found that the infection enhanced oxidative stress and degradation processes, and biosynthetic metabolism was inhibited in the fruits. In addition, phytohormone-associated defense proteins changed after infection.…”

Role of the Green Husks of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)—A Review

“…They play a significant role in human, animal, and plant health because these compounds have antioxidant and antiradical properties. They exhibit anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, astringent, antiseptic, anthelmintic, and antiaging effects that are beneficial to human and animal health [45,[104][105][106][107][108].…”