“…For example, vanadate and its derivatives such as peroxovanadium complexes are one of the best characterized PTP inhibitors, but appear to be nonspecific among the PTP family members (Swarup et al, 1982, Posner et al, 1994, Huyer et al, 1997. PTP substrate analogues, in which the cleavable O-P linkage has been replaced by PTP-resistant chemical linkage, such as sulfotyrosine, thiophosphotyrosine, O, O-dicar boxymethyltyrosine, phosphonomethyl phenylalanine, and 4-[difluoro(phosphono)methyl]phenylalanine, have been shown as potent inhibitors of PTPs (Burke et al, 1994, Liotta et al, 1994, Kole et al, 1995, Burke et al, 1996, Huyer et al, 1998, Desmarais et al, 1999. Particularly, phosphonate compounds incorporated in peptides are being developed as relatively selective inhibitors of PTPs (Chen et al, 1995, Taing et al, 1999.…”