Protein pattern transfer for biosensor applications

Abstract

This paper presents a very simple, industrially-scalable method for transferring a highresolution, biologically-active protein pattern from one substrate to another. We demonstrate the transfer of a protein pattern formed initially by microcontact printing from a silicon surface (to which this form of printing is applicable) onto a glass or polymer substrate, almost independently of the surface/bulk properties of the second substrate. A very thin, spin-coated layer of a sugar is used to preserve the structure and organization of proteins during the subsequent plasma deposition of a siloxane polymer, after which the protein pattern could simply be peeled off the silicon substrate and glued onto any other desired substrate.

Direct Write Protein Patterns for Multiplexed Cytokine Detection from Live Cells Using Electron Beam Lithography

“…8–10 Some commonly used techniques include ink-jet printing, 11 stamping techniques such as microcontact printing 12, 13 and nanoimprint lithography, 14, 15 scanning probe microscopy techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), 16, 17 polymer pen lithography (PPL), 18 and electron beam lithography (EBL). 19–21 Expectedly, each technique has advantages and limitations.…”

Recent Advances in Bioprinting and Applications for Biosensing

“… Select biosensor transducer schematics and examples of use. Immunofluorescence schematic [ 30 ] and example involving sensing in microgrooves [ 24 ]; microcantilevers schematic [ 6 ] and example of a fabricated microcantilever array [ 6 ]; SPR schematic [ 22 ] and example involving detection of concentration of a molecule over time [ 31 ]; FRET schematic [ 32 ] and example [ 33 ] of signal in perturbed and normal cells; impedance schematic [ 34 ] and example of signal in control and cells with a toxin [ 35 ] (Adapted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: J. Invest.…”

“…Dermatol . [ 30 ], ©2013; reused with permission from Elsevier [ 6 , 22 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 34 ]; with permission ©2008 by the National Academy of Sciences [ 33 ]; with permission from Inderscience Ltd. [ 35 ], ©Inderscience 2011, respectively).…”

“…, cells are typically lysed), so any temporal information of the response is lost. Other static biosensors include the patterning of protein, or a chemically active transducer onto a substrate to detect an analyte [ 24 , 39 , 40 ]. The optical absorbance of a system is often used to measure protein concentration, and when fluorescent labeling methods are used, multiple analytes can be detected simultaneously.…”

“…This direct delivery substantially improves binding kinetics over random interactions. Pattern-based high-throughput biosensing typically involves depositing a protein, antibody, or other molecule of interest to a substrate, and measuring binding of another molecule or cell [ 5 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Patterning is typically achieved using soft lithography-based techniques, which use elastomeric stamps with small relief features fabricated from silicon wafer masters [ 25 , 26 ].…”