“…As remarked above, the heat-modified IgG light chain reflects the structural changes which, under natural conditions, are triggered by strain associated with formation of an immune complex, where bivalent antibodies must align to randomly distributed antigen determinants. The light chain/Congo red complex, which forms under elevated temperatures, has been subjected to electrophoretic analysis, revealing limited involvement of Congo red molecules (between 4 and 8 per light chain) [ 1 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”