Protective role of sodium selenite on histopathological lesions, decreased T-cell subsets and increased apoptosis of thymus in broilers intoxicated with aflatoxin B1

Chen, Kejie; Shu, Gang; Peng, Xi; Fang, Jing; Cui, Hengmin; Chen, Jin; Wang, Fengyuan; Chen, Zhengli; Zuo, Zhuang; Deng, Junliang; Geng, Yi; Lai, Weimin

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.032

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Even at low dietary concentrations, AFB1 can damage these immune tissues and suppress innate and adaptive immune responses [3,7,148]. AFB1 consumption during growth can lead to immune tissue atrophy, reducing relative weights of the bursa, spleen and thymus [120,122,134,139,[149][150][151][152]. Increases in relative spleen weight have also been observed during aflatoxicosis [117,120,[153][154][155][156].…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In young chickens, tissue changes are concomitant to the development of histopathological lesions. AFB1 exposure causes visible congestion in the spleen and thymus, while nuclear debris accumulates in the thymus and bursa [139,149,150,156]. In AFB1-exposed chicks, vacuoles increase in the lymphoid follicles of the bursa and the white pulp of the spleen, especially the T-cell rich periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths [139,150,156].…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFB1 can induce circulating lymphocytopenia [34, 159,166,168] and cause lymphoid depletion in the bursa, spleen and thymus [34,134,139,149,150,159,166]. This likely results from increased apoptosis of splenocytes, thymocytes and bursal B-cells as seen in young chickens during aflatoxicosis [139,149,156,169,170].…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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“…The situation of thymus development is usually judged by the thymic relative weight [20]. The relative weight of thymus in NiCl 2 -treated groups was lower than that in control group, which implied dietary NiCl 2 in excess of 300 mg/kg inhibited the thymus growth, and could finally impair the function of thymus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nickel Chloride on Histopathological Lesions and Oxidative Damage in the Thymus

Tang¹,

Li²,

Yin³

et al. 2014

Health

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The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathological lesions and oxidative damage induced by dietary nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ) in the thymus. A total of 280 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as the control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl 2 for 42 days. In the NiCl 2 -treated groups, the broiler weight and thymic relative weight were significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased. Histopathologically, thymic corpuscles were increased and enlarged; the reticular cells were degenerate and necrotic, and lymphocytes were slightly decreased and loosely arranged in the medulla of thymus in the 600 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the ability to inhibit hydroxy radical and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) lower in the NiCl2-treated groups than those in the control group, while MDA content was higher. The abovementioned results demonstrated that dietary NiCl 2 in excess of 300 mg/kg could reduce the broiler weight and thymic relative weight, and cause histopathological lesions and oxidative damage in the thymus, which finally impaired the thymic function.

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“…Broilers were housed in cages with electrically heated units and were provided with water as well as aforementioned diets (Table 1) ad libitum for 21 days. At 7, 14 and 21 days of age during the experiment, the cecal tonsils of six birds in each group were taken to determine CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T-cell percentages by FCM as described by Liu et al (2012) and the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression by qRT-PCR analysis according to the method reported by Chen et al (2013b). The animal protocols used in this work and all procedures of the experiment were performed in compliance with the laws and guidelines of Sichuan Agricultural University Animal Care and Use Committee (Approval No: 2012-024).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short communication: Inhibitory effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 on cytokines expression and T-cell subsets in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens

et al. 2016

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Aﬂatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic form among the mycotoxins. Cytokines are important mediators of the immune system. T-cell subsets play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary AFB1 on the cytokines expression and T-cell subsets in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens throughout a 21-day experimental period. One hundred and fifty six one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into control group (0 mg AFB1/kg feed) and AFB1 group (0.6 mg pure AFB1/kg feed). At 7, 14 and 21 days of age, the levels of seven cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) mRNA expression as well as the proportions of T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry methods were assessed in the cecal tonsils. The levels of the seven cytokines mRNA expression and the percentages of T-cell subsets significantly decreased at 14 and 21 days of age in the AFB1 group compared with the control group. However, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not significantly changed. These results demonstrate that 0.6 mg/kg AFB1 dietary exposure reduced the levels of cytokines mRNA expression and the percentages of T-cell subsets in the cecal tonsils of broiler chickens, suggesting that the cell-mediated immunity of cecal tonsils might be impaired in broilers.

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Protective role of sodium selenite on histopathological lesions, decreased T-cell subsets and increased apoptosis of thymus in broilers intoxicated with aflatoxin B1

Cited by 69 publications

References 56 publications

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Effects of Nickel Chloride on Histopathological Lesions and Oxidative Damage in the Thymus

Short communication: Inhibitory effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 on cytokines expression and T-cell subsets in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens

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