Protective effects of camel milk against pathogenicity induced by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of camel milk on hepatic pathogenicity induced by experimental infection with Escherichia (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into six groups: The control and camel milk groups received water and camel milk, respectively; two groups received camel milk for 2 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection of either E. coli or S. aureus; and two groups were injected intraperitoneally with E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. All animals were maintained under observation for 7 days prior to biochemical and gene expression analyses. The rats treated with camel milk alone exhibited no changes in expression levels of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), compared with the water-treated group. The E. coli-and S. aureus-injected rats exhibited a significant increase in oxidative stress, and prior treatment with camel milk normalized the observed changes in the expression levels of GPT, GOT and malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment with camel milk decreased the total bacterial count in liver tissue samples obtained from the rats injected with E. coli and S. aureus. Camel milk administration increased the expression levels of glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase, which were downregulated following E. coli and S. aureus injection. In addition, camel milk downregulated the increased expression of interleukin-6 and apoptosis-associated genes. Of note, administration of camel milk alone increased the expression levels of the B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and survivin anti-apoptotic genes, and supplementation prior to the injection of E. coli and S. aureus induced further upregulation, In conclusion, camel milk exerted protective effects against E. coli and S. aureus pathogenicity, by modulating the extent of lipid peroxidation, together with the antioxidant defense system, immune cytokines, apoptosis and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes in the liver of Wistar rats.

Camel milk regulates T‐cell proliferation to alleviate dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis in mice

“…However, CM is distinct from the milk of other animals in the Bovidae family and causes less allergic reactions (Soliman et al, 2015;Ayyash et al, 2018). CM restores the immune system imbalance and improves symptoms in a variety of immune diseases, such as allergies, asthma and rashes.…”

“…The oligosaccharides contained in CM inhibit pathogenic microorganisms attaching to colon mucosa and favour the multiplication of intestinal tract bifidobacteria. Drinking CM down-regulated the expression of TNF-a mRNA and improve disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients (Soliman et al, 2015;Ayyash et al, 2018). Furthermore, CM has been reported to exhibit protective and alleviating properties against diabetic nephropathy and alcohol-induced hepatic injury, virus hepatitis (Mohamed et al, 2015).…”

Potential antioxidant bioactive peptides from camel milk proteins

“…Furthermore, camel milk is suggested to exert a number of therapeutic activities ( Hailu et al., 2016 , Mihic et al., 2016 ). Numerous studies suggest that camel milk has distinct therapeutic benefits, such as anti-diabetic ( Korish, 2014 , Korish et al., 2015 , Mirmiran et al., 2017 ), anti-toxic ( Al-Asmari et al., 2017 , Khan, 2017 ), anti-viral ( el Agamy et al., 1992 , El-Fakharany et al., 2017 , Lee et al., 2016 ), antibacterial ( Cardoso et al., 2013 , Rahimi and Kheirabadi, 2012 , Soliman et al., 2015 ), anti-rheumatoid arthritis ( Arab et al., 2017 ), anticancer ( Ayyash et al., 2017 , Chen et al., 2014 , Korashy et al., 2012 ), and wound healing ( Ebaid et al., 2015 , Ebaid et al., 2017 ) activities. In addition, camel milk has been used for centuries in the Middle East, Asian and North African cultures as a natural remedy for many common health problems ( Agrawal et al., 2011a , Agrawal et al., 2011b , Al-Ayadhi and Elamin, 2013 , Ehlayel et al., 2011a , Ehlayel et al., 2011b , Mohamad et al., 2009 , Mohamed et al., 2015 , Shori, 2015 ).…”

Protective Effect of Camel Milk as Anti-Diabetic Supplement: Biochemical, Molecular and Immunohistochemical Study

“…Presence of peptides and proteins in camel's milk are the cause of its biological in digestion, absorption, growth and immunity (Korhonen and Pihlanto 2001). The most important uses of camel's milk are as drug against autoimmune diseases, dropsy, jaundice, splenomegaly, asthma, anemia, piles and diabetes with antimicrobial and antitoxic effects (Soliman et al 2015). The improvement in immune function using dietary antioxidants as camel whey can play an important role in the prevention of many human diseases and diabetic complications.…”