Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on cadmium-induced testicular injury: A crucial role of antioxidant enzymes in male mice infertility

Abstract

Infertility in men is referred to inability to achieve pregnancy in fertile females after at least one year of regular intercourse. The lack of oxygen in the environment may lead to an imbalance of testes production. Swiss mice were alienated into four groups 10 mice/each. This included one negative normal control group I. The induction of infertility was achieved with injection of cadmium chloride at dose 3 mg/kg body weight for four consecutive days for the rest groups. Group III received vehicle (saline) from the second day of induction for the similar period during the experiment. Infertile mice determined depending on alterations in morphology, motility, and reduced sperm count. Group IV was treated with 3 mg/kg of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) per day, for 6 days from the second day of cadmium intoxication. Data showed effectiveness of CAPE significantly through improving the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GST and GSH in testes homogenate and GSH-Px in mice serum that were treated compared to those in the untreated group II (P˂0.001). The histopathology, DNA analysis showed marked improvement in spermatogenesis and DNA intact pattern in treated mice testis. Overall, the results demonstrated the ability of CAPE to improve spermatogenic cells. The data analysis indicated the possibility for the future use of CAPE as an inhibitory agent of infertility. Clinical trials and further studies are required to evaluate the definite medical effects of CAPE based on abundant experimental studies, with predictive future applications in human clinical trials.

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Improves Boar Sperm Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Liquid Preservation (17°C) Linked to AMPK Activity Maintenance

“…Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a natural bioactive compound of propolis extract that possesses antioxidant property, which has been regarded as a potential inhibitory agent of infertility ( 23 ). Here, we found that the addition of CAPE to the extender significantly improved sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal integrity ( Figure 1 ).…”

Role of herbal, nutraceutical and synthetic agents in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A comparative assessment

“…Male infertility cases are on the rise, and oxidative stress is a major contributing factor. Systemic oxidative stress, which is exacerbated by smoking, excessive alcohol use, exposure to various toxins, severe respiratory problems, inflammatory processes or other numerous prolonged disorders, are undeniable factors in the decline of male fecundity (El-Refaei & Abdallah, 2021).…”

Cytoprotective potentialities of carvacrol and its nanoemulsion against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: development of nano-encasulation form

“…On the other hand, GSH content was determined in brain tissue using the method of El-Refaei et al. [ 37 ]. In this assay, the Ellman's reagent is reduced by the –SH groups of GSH to produce a yellow-colored 2-nitro-5-mercaptobenzoic acid, where the intensity of the color can be measured at 412 nm via the spectrophotometer.…”