Protective effect of salusin-α and salusin-β against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

Abstract

Background: Alcohol consumption has been found to be associated with gastric ulcers, including gastric mucosal lesions. Salusin-α and salusin-β are bioactive peptides having 28 and 20 amino acids, respectively. Salusin-α and salusin-β immunoreactivity has been detected in the stomach and in the intestines. It has been reported that the salusins regulate the cytokine levels and decrease the infarct area in the heart tissue after ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of the salusins in the gastric injury formed with ethanol. Methods: Thirty-two sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups, including eight rats in each group as follows: Group 1: control; Group 2: ethanol 5 mL/kg; Group 3: ethanol 5 mL/kg + 5 nmol/kg salusin-α; Group 4: ethanol 5 mL/kg + 5 nmol/kg salusin-β. Results: The salusin-α level increased at a significant level in the ulcer group formed with ethanol (p < 0.001); the change in the salusin-β level is not significant. As for malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.001), when compared with the control group, tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05) levels increased in the group to which ethanol was applied and decreased significantly with the application of salusins. Levels of GSH and IL-1β did not change at a significant level. In addition, histopathologic analysis demonstrated that, in salusin-administered groups, mucosal injury and caspase-3 expressions were reduced. Conclusions: The suppression of salusin-α and salusin-β on caspase-3 expression by means of their effects on

Salusin-α Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell via Akt/mTOR Signaling

“…Previous studies reported that pretreatment with excess salusin-α did not attenuate the salusin-β-induced increase in intracellular calcium in VSMCs [10], suggesting that they do not compete for the same receptors. Because salusin-α and -β have quite distinct sequences, we speculate that they may bind to different receptors, although this hypothesis has not been fully verified [33]. A recent study reported that salusin-β, but not salusin-α, promotes vascular inflammation in ApoE-deficient mice [34].…”

Overexpression of Salusin-α Inhibits Vascular Intimal Hyperplasia in an Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model

“…Salusin- α is derived from the torsin family 2 member A ( TOR2A ) gene, which is transcribed into preprosalusins and subjected to alternative splicing. Salusin- α is a multifunctional bioactive peptide with 28 amino acid residues that functions to prevent the restenosis of arteries [ 10 , 11 ]. In addition, this protein is also involved in the prevention of macrophage foam cell formation by downregulating acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), thereby affecting atherosclerosis [ 10 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Gastroprotective Effects of Pear (Pyrus Communis L.) Extract on Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

“…Apoptosis cascade is a significant pathway mediating ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, which is also associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress 45 . In this regard, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer enhances caspase-3 expression 16 .…”

“…It can also lead to vascular permeability and even cell lysis 27 . Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental animals is one of the most common ulcer models examining various compounds for determining antiulcer effects 16 . The current study revealed that PYR has preventive activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.…”

“…In group I, the animals were administered normal saline by oral gavage. In other groups, 5 ml/kg 99% ethanol (absolute ethanol) (Sigma-aldrich, USA) was administered to animals by oral gavage to establish ulcer model as described in previous studies 16,17 . All interventions in groups lasted ten days.…”