Protective effect of glutamine on intestinal injury and bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment

Xu, Chunlan; Sun, Rui; Qiao, Xiangjin; Xu, Cuicui; Shang, Xiaobing; Niu, Weining

doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4662

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This result suggests a reduction in oxidative stress in response to glutamine supplementation. Similarly, numerous well-designed investigations have consistently indicated that glutamine increases anti-oxidative capacity in mice (Ren et al 2014b;Cruzat et al 2014), rats (Xu et al 2014), pigs (Wu et al 2011b(Wu et al , 2013cWang et al 2008), and sheep (Sawant et al 2014;Washburn et al 2013). Furthermore, we found that dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine decreased the expression of virulence factors of P. multocida, as we previously reported (Ren et al 2013e).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

et al. 2014

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Little is known about effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in a vaccine-immunized animal model. Thus, this study determined roles for dietary glutamine supplementation in specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine. The measured variables included: (1) the production of pathogen-specific antibodies; (2) mRNA levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors and anti-oxidative factors; and (3) the distribution of P. multocida in tissues and the expression of its major virulence factors in vivo. Dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had a better protective role than 1 or 2 % glutamine against P. multocida infection in vaccine-immunized mice, at least partly resulting from its effects in modulation of general defense responses. Dietary glutamine supplementation had little effects on the production of P. multocida-specific antibodies. Compared to the non-supplemented group, dietary supplementation with 0.5 % glutamine had no effect on bacterial burden in vivo but decreased the expression of major virulence factors in the spleen. Collectively, supplementing 0.5 % glutamine to a conventional diet provides benefits in vaccine-immunized mice by enhancing general defense responses and decreasing expression of specific virulence factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

et al. 2014

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“…In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of resveratrol in lipid metabolism in rats when exposed to high altitude hypoxia environment for 30 days. Marked body weight loss was observed after high altitude hypoxia exposure, which was consistent with previous studies [3,21,22]. Moreover, less food intake was observed in our current and previous experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Resveratrol ameliorates chronic high altitude exposure‐induced oxidative stress and suppresses lipid metabolism alteration in rats

Qiao

Zhao

et al. 2015

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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High altitude affects energy metabolism. Resveratrol is the natural compound that activates sirtuins, which produce beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. The study was conducted to investigate the role of resveratrol in lipid metabolism of rats exposed to a high altitude hypoxia environment. SpragueDawley rats were divided into control, resveratrol (30 mg/kg B.W./d) (Res), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia þ resveratrol (30 mg/kg B.W./d) (HHþRes) groups. Rats in HH and HHþRes groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 4500 m for 30 days. Plasma lipid profile, antioxidant indexes, key enzyme activities, lipid metabolism-related genes, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) expression were evaluated. Results showed that resveratrol alleviated hypobaric hypoxia-induced enlargement of lung and spleen, and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol (CHOL) contents, increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt-1) expression levels, and decreased liver MDA and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HH group. Moreover, resveratrol increased fat hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity, and suppressed fat Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-I) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activity. In addition, resveratrol decreased liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPa), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg), and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and hypoxia inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF1a and HIF-2a) expression levels compared to the HH group. In conclusion, resveratrol can effectively ameliorate high altitude hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and alteration of lipid metabolism, which is associated with the HIF signaling pathway.Practical applications: Resveratrol may be a feasible agent for ameliorating high altitude-induced oxidative stress and lipid metabolism dysfunction. Moreover, the HIF-mediated alterations in genes involved in fat metabolism (Srit1, C/EBPa, and PPARg) may be targets to prevent and treat lipid metabolic disease under a high altitude hypoxia environment.Keywords: High altitude hypoxia / Hypoxia inducible factors / Lipid metabolism / Resveratrol / Sirt-1

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“…Glutamate and L‐glutamine are the precursors of GSH, which is an important antioxidant that inhibits inflammatory reactions and reduces liver injury. Xu et al reported that enhanced L‐glutamine has a protective effect on rats with NAFLD induced by a high‐fat diet. Our previous studies on the metabolites of cirrhosis patients also revealed higher levels of glutamate and L‐glutamine in human serum …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver tissue metabolic profiling and pathways of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

Huang

Chen

et al. 2017

Hepatology Research

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Protective effect of glutamine on intestinal injury and bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment

Abstract: Gln treatment protects from intestinal injury and regulates the gut flora imbalance in hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

Effects of dietary l-glutamine supplementation on specific and general defense responses in mice immunized with inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine

Resveratrol ameliorates chronic high altitude exposure‐induced oxidative stress and suppresses lipid metabolism alteration in rats

Liver tissue metabolic profiling and pathways of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

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