Protection of bacterial infection through dietary administration of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf in Chinese carp after parasitic infestation

Abstract

The present study determined the protection afforded by dietary administration with Azadirachta indica extract in terms of mortality and innate immune response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix after parasitic infestation in the aquarium. The silver carp was fed with 0% (control), 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% supplementation diets at weeks 1, 2, and 4. 2.0% dose diet within all enriched diets showed significantly increased weight gain (WG); 51.3 ± 1.0 g from weeks 1 to 4 while the specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not change significantly when compared to the control. The hematocrit, lymphocytes, and neutrophils significantly increased when fed with 2.0% supplementation diets against pathogen. The phagocytic index, bactericidal activity significantly increased in fish fed with 2.0% dose diet from weeks 1 to 4 as compared to the control, but not with 1.0% and 3.0%. The highest protection by means of lower cumulative mortality was recorded with 2.0% diet when compared to 0%, 1.0% and 3.0% diet. This study suggested that 2.0% supplementation diet significantly influence the growth, hematology, and enhances the innate immune system in silver carp, H. molitrix against A. hydrophila.

Hematological responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio administered with Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extraction

“…2).The PCV was significantly increased in the treatment groups (D2, 3 and 4) compared to control, however the levels were equal to control in D5 and 6. The study shows the increasing response trend is in agreement with the findings of Mona et al (2015), where 2.0% administration of neem leaf supplemented diet significantly increased Ht in silver carp against A. hydrophila and Uthayakumar et al (2014) reported significantly increased Ht in A. invadans infected fish and administered with neem soluble fractions against fungal pathogen. Interestingly, Harikrishnan et al (2003) in C. carpio following herbal treatment with A. indica and Kumar et al (2013) in Carassius auratus, did not find any significant differences or no response of Azadirachtin among the treatment groups compared with the control.…”

Effect of Melia Azedarach Extract on Some Selected Physiological Parameters of (Catla catla)

“…During the study period 1.5g /100g of diet treated fishes showed maximum phagocytic when compared to other concentrations. Similar reports are also observed by [11]. They reported that phagocytic activity was significantly increased in fish fed with 2.0% Azadirachta indica formulated diet compared to the control, but not with 1.0% and 3.0%.…”

Synthesis and characterization ofAzadirachta indicaconstructed silver nanoparticles and their immunomodulatory activity in fish

“…). Mona, Hossain, Rahman, Alam, Rahman, Yeasmin, Zabin and Khatun () reported protection of bacterial infection through dietary administration of A. indica (2%) leaf in silver carp, after parasitic infestation and enhances the innate immune system in silver carp, against A. hydrophila . The activation of non‐specific immune parameters in the present study also provides direct evidence on better health status of the target fish leading to better survival.…”