Background-Major gender-based differences in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia after myocardial infarction have been shown in humans. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, earlier studies suggest that estrogen receptor-mediated effects play a major role in this process. Methods and Results-We examined the effect of estrogen receptor ␣ (ER␣) and estrogen receptor  (ER) on the electrophysiological phenotype in female mice with and without chronic anterior myocardial infarction. There was no significant difference in overall mortality, infarct size, and parameters of left ventricular remodeling when we compared infarcted ER␣-deficient and ER-deficient mice with infarcted wild-type animals. In the 12-hour telemetric ECG recording 6 weeks after myocardial infarction, surface ECG parameters did not show significant differences in comparisons of ER␣-deficient mice versus wild-type controls, infarcted versus noninfarcted ER␣-deficient mice, and infarcted ER␣-deficient versus infarcted wild-type mice. However, infarcted ER-deficient versus noninfarcted ER-deficient mice showed a significant prolongation of the QT (