Protection from fire: Nonflammable clothing — A review

Abbott, Norman J.; Schulman, Stanley

doi:10.1007/bf02624796

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…18 Most of the fabrics could only reflect about 10% of the infrared radiation, which have a wavelength longer than 1 mu falling on their surface, which means the vast majority of radiation could be absorbed by the fabric. 3 Mandal et al 19 also indicated that the emissivity of a fabric system was closely related to the nature of its surface optical properties. Therefore, the finishing, coating, wearing condition, and surface evenness of the garment might impact its overall emissivity, which cannot just obtained by bench-scale tests or simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flame‐retardant garments have been extensively applied to protect the industrial personnel, ie, oil and gas workers, against heat exposure . The thermal protective clothing with better insulating values could decrease the amount of energy transferred to human skin, which might result in burn damage, hence providing more time for people to escape from fire …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although with different physical significance, the emissivity and absorptivity of a body could be considered as equal . Most of the fabrics could only reflect about 10% of the infrared radiation, which have a wavelength longer than 1 mu falling on their surface, which means the vast majority of radiation could be absorbed by the fabric . Mandal et al also indicated that the emissivity of a fabric system was closely related to the nature of its surface optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The thermal protective clothing with better insulating values could decrease the amount of energy transferred to human skin, which might result in burn damage, hence providing more time for people to escape from fire. 3 Literatures revealed that the impact of air space between garment and human skin as well as the fabric thickness was significant because of the great heat insulation of the stagnant air. 3,4 A variety of experimental [5][6][7] and simulated 4,8-10 studies were performed based on bench-scale tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Literatures revealed that the impact of air space between garment and human skin as well as the fabric thickness was significant because of the great heat insulation of the stagnant air. 3,4 A variety of experimental [5][6][7] and simulated 4,8-10 studies were performed based on bench-scale tests. Torvi 4 developed a one-dimensional model to investigate the heat transfer in thin fibrous materials under high heat flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D heat transfer modeling and parametric study of a human body wearing thermal protective clothing exposed to flash fire

Tian

2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary Understanding the heat transfer mechanism through a clothed man system in extreme environments is of great significance for human thermal protection. Three‐dimensional heat transfer models were developed based on the computational fluid dynamics considering a real‐shape human body in this study. The influences of air gap width, clothing thickness, and emissivity on the heat transfer within a dressed manikin exposed to flash fire were investigated. Simulated results indicated that the heat transfer in the air space was more complicated on the garment level than the fabric, because of the varying relative positions between different body segments and the heat source, as well as the ventilation openings. Increasing the fabric thickness was an effective method to reduce the transferred energy, which could remarkably lower the skin temperature. Decreasing both of the surface and backside emissivity from 0.9 to 0.3 could increase the protective performance, where surface emissivity reduction was recommended since the decrease of clothing temperature could minimize the risks of fabric degradation. The purpose of assuming the uniform air gap was to perform the parametric study, which was unrealistic indeed. The model with real clothing shape will be developed and investigated in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

3D heat transfer modeling and parametric study of a human body wearing thermal protective clothing exposed to flash fire

Tian

2018

Fire and Materials

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Fibrous Materials for Thermal Protection

Song

2020

Handbook of Fibrous Materials

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Aging of high‐performance fibers used in firefighters' protective clothing: State of the knowledge and path forward

Hoque

Dolez

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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High-performance fibers developed since the 1960s have a wide range of applications including firefighters' protective clothing. Firefighters' protective clothing made of inherently flame-resistant high-performance fibers offers excellent protection in the new condition. However, these fibers experience aging as any polymer material. The situation is amplified due to the severe conditions associated with the firefighters' activities. And the consequences of a loss in the performance of the protective clothing can be dramatic for the firefighter's safety. This article provides a comprehensively review of the aging behavior of high-performance fibers used in firefighters' protective clothing. Residual performance data have been identified both for used firefighter garments as well as fabric specimens subjected to accelerated aging. Research shows that different aging conditions affect the different fibers to a different degree. The specific conditions in which the aging is applied also affects the outcome in terms of loss in performance. Techniques successfully used to quantify the effect of aging on the performance of fire-resistant fabrics are also briefly mentioned.Finally, the knowledge gained from this analysis of the literature as well as research gaps and further areas of investigation are discussed in this neglected yet critical topic of firefighters' protective clothing aging.

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Protection from fire: Nonflammable clothing — A review

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

3D heat transfer modeling and parametric study of a human body wearing thermal protective clothing exposed to flash fire

3D heat transfer modeling and parametric study of a human body wearing thermal protective clothing exposed to flash fire

Fibrous Materials for Thermal Protection

Aging of high‐performance fibers used in firefighters' protective clothing: State of the knowledge and path forward

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