Prostate-specific antigen

Abstract

Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of men with prostate cancer. Significant advances have been made since the early development of immunoassays. While PSA is useful for staging and monitoring of established disease, it has shown the greatest utility in the realm of early detection realm. PSA is the most important tumor marker; its importance in evaluating men for the possibility of prostate cancer is irrefutable. Enhancing specificity is a pressing need. In this regard, the recognition of the molecular forms of free PSA and complex PSA have shown the most promise and undoubtedly will result in fewer false‐positive PSA test results. The salient literature is reviewed and commentary made on the current status of PSA with particular emphasis on methods to enhance its specificity in early detection and applications. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 18:3–9, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Complexed prostate-specific antigen improvement in detecting prostate cancer

“…Prostate-specific antigen concentrations can be influenced by prostatic manipulation, eg, digital rectal examination (DRE) and cystoscopy [17,18]. To assess the effect of prostatic manipulation on complexed PSA, Lynn et al [19] compared the values of complexed PSA (the Bayer Immuno 1 complex PSA assay) before manipulation with those after manipulation.…”

The use of matrix coating assisted by an electric field (MCAEF) to enhance mass spectrometric imaging of human prostate cancer biomarkers

“…These results are also summarized in Supporting Information Table S2. Among these 17 species, 9 peptides and proteins – including MEKK2 fragment ( m / z 4355), ARPP‐19 fragment ( m / z 4964.9), apolipoprotein A‐II ( m / z 8705), β‐microseminoprotein ( m / z 10762), tumor protein D52 ( m / z 12389), heat shock protein β‐1 ( m / z 22782), and PSA ( m / z 33000 to 34000), together with two unknown species at m / z 5002, and 6704, – have been previously reported to be potential biomarkers of human prostate cancer by LC‐MS/MS, or MALDI‐MS imaging . Among these nine species, only four peptides and proteins, including m / z 4355, 4964, 5002, and 6704, were analyzed by MALDI MS imaging .…”

Selective enrichment and sensitive detection of peptide and proteinbiomarkers in human serum using polymeric reverse micelles and MALDI-MS

“…PSA is a diagnostic marker of prostate cancer. 41 It has been reported that the clinically relevant LOQ for PSA is around 4 ng/mL, and if PSA concentrations exceed this level, a prostate biopsy is recommended. 42–44 To find a peptide to act as a surrogate for PSA, we first digested PSA with immobilized trypsin and identified HSQPWQVLVASR (m/z 1408, pI = 11.1) as a suitable peptide fragment to use for detecting the presence of PSA (see Figure S2 in the Supporting Information).…”