Prospective study of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

Tajiri, Hitoshi; Miyoshi, Yoko; Funada, Shunpei; Etani, Yuri; Abe, Jiro; Onodera, Takashi; Goto, Megumi; Funato, Masahisa; Ida, Shinobu; Noda, Chieko; Nakayama, Masahiro; Okada, Shintaro

doi:10.1097/00006454-200101000-00003

Cited by 81 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, LFTs are not necessarily predictive of the clinical course of HCV, since liver biopsy might reveal advanced disease even if LFTs are normal or only slightly elevated [20]. In accordance with other studies [25,28], the course of LFTs and viral load in the six cases presented here, suggests that even small children are capable of exhibiting a vigorous HCV-driven inflammatory response. Four of these children had maximal LFT values up to sevenfold of the normal value in the first year of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Four of these children had maximal LFT values up to sevenfold of the normal value in the first year of life. In line with the description of the natural course of vertical infection by Tajiri et al [28], maximal LFT levels were followed by a decline of HCV viral load and a normalization of LFTs. In this context, Resti et al [25] observed a range of ALT abnormalities in the first year of life among 62 patients and concluded that high LFTs at onset might be associated with an increased chance of viral clearance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in vertically infected children

Farmand

Wirth

et al. 2011

Eur J Pediatr

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in vertically infected children

Farmand

Wirth

et al. 2011

Eur J Pediatr

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“…HCV-RNA (cp/ml) À 10 infection, maternal viral load is believed to play an important role in the HCV transmission to the newborn [Lin et al, 1994[Lin et al, , 1995Ohto et al, 1994;Spencer et al, 1997;Tajiri et al, 2001]. In this survey, the mean viral titre of mothers having infected their child was higher as compared to that of non-transmitting: while the difference did not reach statistical significance, it showed a trend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: Rate of infection and assessment of viral load and IgM anti‐HCV as risk factors*

Molin

D’Agaro

Ansaldi

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

104

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One hundred twenty-six mother-infant couples were studied and 105 exposed babies were monitored for at least 12 months to define the risk of mother-to-infant HCV transmission. Infection occurred in 5 out of 76 infants (6.6%) born to 69 viraemic mothers and in none of 29 born to 26 non-viraemic mothers. Only one child was HCV RNA positive one month after birth, while the remaining children became positive at the 3rd to 4th month. HCV genotypes of the babies matched those of their mothers. No difference was found between women who transmitted the virus and those who did not with regard to age, history of drug abuse, HIV infection, ALT abnormal values, HCV genotype, type of delivery, and breast-feeding. Four out of 5 infected infants were born to mothers with IgM anti-HCV (P = 0.04). The mean viral titre in transmitting women (10(7.2)) was higher than in non-transmitting (10(6.5)), and the proportion of mothers with viral load > or = 10(7) was statistically higher in transmitting than non-transmitting women (P = 0.03). These data show that HCV perinatal infection is a rare event and suggest that IgM positivity and high viral load (> or = 10(7)) in the mother are independent variables correlated with HCV transmission (O.R. = 14.5; 95% CI: 1.3-160.7 and O.R. = 16.3; 95% CI: 1.5-179.9, respectively).

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“…Although most studies have reported transmission of HCV to infants only from mothers who had detectable HCV-RNA (31,(34)(35)(36)(37), a large multicenter study has reported 5 infections in infants from mothers who had only HCV antibodies (38). This may be due to fluctuating viremia that is undetectable at the time of testing.…”

Section: Mother-to-infant Transmission For Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

et al. 2010

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Aim To estimate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission rate, the effect of potential risk factors, and the pattern of HCV antibody response and viremia in HCV-infected infants in Benha, Egypt.Methods A total of 1224 pregnant women who were treated at Benha University Hospital, Egypt, were included in the study. They completed a questionnaire about risk factors for HCV acquisition and suspected risk factors for mother-to-infant transmission and were tested for HCV antibody using a third-generation ELISA test. Women positive for HCV antibody were tested for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Peripheral blood of infants of positive HCV-RNA women was tested for HCV antibody and HCV-RNA at 1 and after 6 months of age.Results Out of 1224 pregnant women, 105 (8.6%; 95% confidence interval, 7.05-10.17) were positive for HCV antibody. Only 83 (6.8%; 5.39-7.21) were positive for HCV-RNA. HCV infection was associated with older age (1.16; 1.1-1.2, P = 0.001), blood transfusion (2.69; 1.2-6.0, P = 0.016), and HCV infection of the husband (5.47; 1.4-21, P = 0.014) or other household members (2.29; 1.2-4.6, P = 0.019). Out of 53 infants tested at first month, 43 (81%; 71-92%) were positive for HCV antibody, but only 7 (13%; 4.1-22%) were positive for HCV-RNA. After 6 months, only 2 (3.8%; 0-8.95%) remained positive for HCV RNA. ConclusionsThe prevalence of HCV in pregnant women in Egypt is lower than previously reported and the potential risk factors associated with HCV infection suggest intra-familial transmission. The frequency of vertical transmission of HCV in Egypt is not substantially different from other countries and does not play a role in the high prevalence of HCV in Egypt. CLINICAL SCIENCES doi: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.219 CLINICAL SCIENCE 220Croat Med J. 2010; 51: 219-28 www.cmj.hrWorldwide, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent causes of liver diseases. There are estimated 300 million carriers of the virus all over the world (1). In the USA, the overall prevalence of HCV antibodies in the general population is 1.8%, the prevalence in children 6-11 years is 0.2%, and in adolescents 12-19 years old is 0.4% (2). In most developed countries, HCV infection is associated with percutaneous blood exposure, primarily as a result of blood transfusion and intravenous drug addiction (3).Egypt has the highest prevalence of hepatitis C in the world. Studies have found widely varying levels (10-50%) of the prevalence, depending on the populations covered; overall, estimates of the HCV rate in the general population range between 10 and 20% (4,5). Geographically, hepatitis C prevalence is higher in Lower Egypt (Nile delta) than Upper Egypt, and it is lower in urban than rural areas (6).In Egypt, the use of contaminated needles and syringes during mass schistosomiasis treatment campaigns during the period the 1960s-1980s has been identified as a key mode of transmission for HCV infection, suggesting that parenteral exposure continues to cause infections (7). Evidence of high interfamili...

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Prospective study of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus

Abstract: Our prospective study showed that the transmission rate of mother-to-infant HCV infection was 7.8% in anti-HCV antibody-positive mothers. Risk was related to the presence of maternal HCV viremia at delivery and a high viral load in the mothers.

Cited by 81 publications

References 25 publications

Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in vertically infected children

Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in vertically infected children

Mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: Rate of infection and assessment of viral load and IgM anti‐HCV as risk factors*

Prospective Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C in Pregnant Egyptian Women and Its Transmission to Their Infants

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