Prospective Studies of a Group of Yale University Freshmen. II. Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections and Rubella

Programmes for the prevention of rubella during pregnancy by active immunization

“…The quality of the immune responses elicited by the available strains of vaccine appears to be inferior to that resulting from natural infection (Davis et al, 1971;Evans, Niederman, and Sawyer, 1971;Wilkins, Leedom, Portnoy, and Salvatore, 1969;Chang, Desrosiers, and Weinstein, 1970;Horstmann et al, 1970a;Lehane etal., 1970) (Table II). This is reflected in investigations which have shown that between 22% and 80% of subjects vaccinated with the Cendehill and HPV 77 DE 5 strains may, within a short time of vaccination, exhibit evidence of asymptomatic reinfection on exposure to natural or artificial challenge.…”

Outcome of asymptomatic infection with rubella virus during pregnancy

“…Although second attacks with a rash are rare, up to 6 % of adults with antibody derived from previous natural infection may show increases in titre of at least fourfold, unaccompanied by symptoms, after close contact with cases of the acute disease (Horstmann et al 1970;Evans, Niederman & Sawyer, 1971;Vesikari, 1972). Persons whose immunity is due to vaccination are more susceptible and may show rises in titre in up to 80 % of cases, depending on the type of vaccine and 148 J. E. CRADOCK-WATSON AND OTHERS the circumstances of re-exposure (Wilkins et at.…”