Prosocial rule breaking at the street level: the roles of leaders, peers, and bureaucracy

Fleming, C. J. Eubanks

doi:10.1080/14719037.2019.1619817

Cited by 57 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…One indicates 'strongly disagree', and five indicates 'strongly agree'. In the prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB) research, Fleming (2019) suggested that the perceived severity of punishment can discourage bureaucrats from breaking the rules, although rule-breaking behaviour may benefit their clients. Similar studies also imply that the perceived risk of punishment is positively associated with rule compliance at the workplace (Hollinger and Clark 1983;Herath and Raghav Rao 2009;Zang and Pratt 2019).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of studies has explored the factors affecting street-level discretion, such as the characteristics of bureaucrats (Keiser 2010), organizational management (Riccucci 2005), working relations among colleagues (Fleming 2019), and the CONTACT Zhichao Li yizhiqingcao@163.com cognition of bureaucrats about their tasks (Raaphorst 2018). Recent studies have empirically examined the impacts of citizen-client characteristics (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender, situational visibility, and discretionary decision-making of regulatory street-level bureaucrats under pandemic emergency: an experimental study in China

Yang

Huang

2021

Public Management Review

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How is the discretion of police officers influenced by clients' gender and situational visibility under emergency regulations? To answer this question, this study uses the scenario-based-experimental-survey data collected from 878 police officers from three cities in China under the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the effect of gender congruence on the leniency of officers is only significantly positive when police and clients are both female. However, situational visibility will weaken the gender effect, reducing the officers' leniency towards females. Moreover, visibility makes police even harsher towards male violators. The findings provide some practical implications.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, situational visibility, and discretionary decision-making of regulatory street-level bureaucrats under pandemic emergency: an experimental study in China

Yang

Huang

2021

Public Management Review

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“… Borry (2017) highlighted that organizational norms are the gateway to rule-bending and rule-breaking behaviors. Rules compliance is dependent on endorsement by management ( Fleming, 2019 ). When EMOCB becomes an organizational requirement, it leads to breaking organizational rules for pro-organizational purposes ( Liu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Side of Organizational Identification: A Multi-Study Investigation of Negative Outcomes

Irshad

Bashir

2020

Front. Psychol.

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After more than two decades of research on the positive side of organizational identification, researchers have begun to realize that it also has a dark side that needs immediate consideration. With support from social identity theory, the current study sheds light on the understudied role of the dark side of organizational identification by investigating its indirect effects on (a) psychological entitlement, (b) unethical pro-organizational behavior, and (c) pro-social rule-breaking through externally motivated organizational citizenship behavior, taking leader–member exchange as a boundary condition. Two surveys were conducted to test the proposed moderated mediation model. Data for the study 1 was collected from employees ( N = 356) working in the service sector (i.e., Universities, Banks and Telecommunication Organizations), whereas responses for study 2 were taken from employees ( N = 259) working in the hospitality industry. A time-lagged research design was selected for both surveys to avoid common method bias. The results demonstrate that organizational identification leads to adverse outcomes in the form of psychological entitlement, pro-social rule-breaking and unethical pro-organizational behavior through externally motivated organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, a high-quality leader–member exchange relationship enhances these indirect effects of organizational identification. Several theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and future research directions, are also discussed.

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“…Various studies have identified a positive relationship between rule consistency and perceptions of procedural fairness (e.g., Sheppard & Lewicki, 1987; van den Bos et al, 1996). Furthermore, rule consistency has been found to have positive effects on employee perceptions of rule fairness (DeHart-Davis, 2017) and rule following (Borry et al, 2018; Fleming, 2020), to mention just a few examples.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, “one of the basic principles of good administrative practice is the equal treatment of all citizens” (Grohs et al, 2016, p. 155). Inconsistent rule application implies that citizens are not treated equally, which can evoke feelings of frustration and anger (Lens, 2009), manifest itself in intention to break rules (Fleming, 2020) or gaming the system (Taylor, 2020), and feed into perceptions of ineffective government rules and high levels of red tape (De Jong & van Witteloostuijn, 2015). Equality is not always fair, nor is inequality always unfair.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being Consistent Matters: Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Rule Consistency on Citizen Red Tape

Kaufmann

Ingrams

Jacobs

2020

The American Review of Public Administration

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A growing stream of research in public administration is concerned with how red tape and administrative burden affects citizens. Drawing on the procedural fairness literature, we argue that the consistent application of rules reduces perceived red tape. We also hypothesize that red tape perceptions are affected by outcome favorability and that an interaction effect exists between consistency and outcome favorability. Our reasoning is tested with a survey experiment in the context of a federal jury duty summons procedure, and administered to a sample of U.S. citizens through TurkPrime. The statistical results support our hypotheses; perceived red tape is lower if rules are applied consistently and if citizens receive a favorable outcome. We also find that consistently applying a procedure reduces perceived red tape further when citizens receive a favorable outcome. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

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Prosocial rule breaking at the street level: the roles of leaders, peers, and bureaucracy

Cited by 57 publications

References 110 publications

Gender, situational visibility, and discretionary decision-making of regulatory street-level bureaucrats under pandemic emergency: an experimental study in China

Gender, situational visibility, and discretionary decision-making of regulatory street-level bureaucrats under pandemic emergency: an experimental study in China

The Dark Side of Organizational Identification: A Multi-Study Investigation of Negative Outcomes

Being Consistent Matters: Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Rule Consistency on Citizen Red Tape

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