Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases

Abstract

Propolis is a mass of chemically diverse phytoconstituents with gummy textures that are naturally produced by honeybees upon collection of plant resins for utilization in various life processes in beehives. Since ancient times, propolis has been a unique traditional remedy globally utilized for several purposes, and it has secured value in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas in recent years. The chemical composition of propolis comprises diverse constituents and deviations in the precise composition of the honeybee species, plant source used for propolis production by bees, climate conditions and harvesting season. Over 300 molecular structures have been discovered from propolis, and important classes include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, benzofurans, benzopyrene and chalcones. Propolis has also been reported to have diverse pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticaries. As chronic diseases have risen as a global health threat, abundant research has been conducted to track propolis and its constituents as alternative therapies for chronic diseases. Several clinical trials have also revealed the potency of propolis and its constituents for preventing and curing some chronic diseases. This review explores the beneficial effect of propolis and its active constituents with credible mechanisms and computational studies on chronic diseases.

Membrane‐Based Preparation Process and Antioxidant and Anti‐AGEs Activities of a Novel Propolis Ultrafiltrate

“…Similar results were observed when the 12 specific flavonoids and phenolic acids were evaluated, while their peak areas of were noted as Table 3. As noted, except for some resin‐like macromolecules, the main active components of propolis are typical small molecular natural products [21,25] . Considering the filtration efficiency and product yield, our data indicated that MWCO 30 KDa was the optimum format to filtrate propolis alcoholic extracts and we used this for subsequent experiments.…”

“…As noted, except for some resinlike macromolecules, the main active components of propolis are typical small molecular natural products. [21,25] Considering the filtration efficiency and product yield, our data indicated that MWCO 30 KDa was the optimum format to filtrate propolis alcoholic extracts and we used this for subsequent experiments. Deserve to be mentioned, the filtrated material is cleaner than the original one.…”

“…Due to the high content of wax and resin, natural raw propolis cannot be directly used in its natural state and aqueous solutions are not a good alternative since the main active components are prenylated derivatives of p-coumaric acid and of acetophenone, diterpenes and flavonoid aglycones which are highly hydrophobic. [21,22] For the traditional propolis industry, ethanol is often used for primary extraction. Therefore, we first evaluated which alcohol concentration was more efficient for our samples.…”

Current status of Cancer Nanotheranostics: Emerging strategies for cancer management

“…In such a situation nanomedicine makes a good case that can be utilized to solve the issues with conventional CT related to drug delivery, distribution, and compatibility. And with advancements in nanomedicine approaches like theranostics can be utilized to diagnose and therapeutically treat the tumor with high accuracy [4,5]. Thus, the use of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is clubbed under the term "Nanotheranostics".…”

Palynological Analyses of Malatya Propolis Samples

“…Propolis colour varies reddish green to brown and has characteristically odour (Silici 2019). The components of propolis are resins (50 %); wax (30 %); volatile essential oils (10 %); pollen grains (5 %) consequently includes more than 100 compounds as fenolic acids and esters, flavonoids and terpenoids and this combines have antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective properties (Kujumgiev et al 1999;Gao et al 2014;Mahmoud and Rizk 2014;Chen et al 2018;Lisbona-Gónzalez et al 2021;Lopez-Válverde et al 2021;Sahlan et al 2021;Santos et al 2021;Asma et al 2022;Chavda et al 2023). Propolis is effective in cleaning the cells of the honeycomb, the development of the egg laid by the queen bee in a sterile environment and the protection of the brood besides, bees working inside the hive, prevent various infections from entering the hive by brushing the worker bees coming from outside that infected various microorganisms during foraging, with propolis at the hive entrance hole (Kumova et al 2002).…”