Propiedades antioxidantes e inmunoestimulantes de polifenoles en peces carnívoros de cultivo

Abstract

El cultivo intensivo de peces es una estrategia económicamente importante para producir alimento. Sin embargo, las prácticas de cultivo intensivo generan estrés oxidativo e inmunosupresión, lo que ocasiona pérdidas de la calidad del espécimen y aumento en la mortalidad. Para contrarrestar estos efectos, se ha optado por la administración de vegetales como fuente de polifenoles con propiedades antioxidantes e inmunoestimulantes en peces carnívoros de cultivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los efectos de los polifenoles de origen vegetal como antioxidantes e inmunoestimulantes en peces carnívoros, y promover su uso como ingredientes funcionales en la acuicultura. Los vegetales como fuente de polifenoles tienen la capacidad de mejorar los sistemas de defensa inmune y antioxidante de las especies analiza- das, con un tejido de mejor calidad nutricional y un mayor contenido endógeno de antioxidantes. No obstante, las propiedades biológicas de los polifenoles dependen del tipo y concentración en el vegetal, de la dosis y el tiempo de administración, así como de la matriz alimentaria, la cual determina la bioaccesibilidad y biodisponibilidad de los polifenoles en el organismo. Es escasa la información generada sobre el efecto de los polifenoles en la calidad post mortem, por lo que se deben realizar más estudios.

Effect of dietary intake of phenolic compounds from mango peel extract on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…There is evidence confirming that mangiferin, quercetin, gallic acids, and its derivatives have the ironchelating ability and can scavenge ROS which constitutes their main antioxidant mechanisms preventing lipid peroxidation in vitro (Boadi et al, 2003;Pardo-Andreu et al, 2008;Badhani et al, 2015). Previous experiments in our laboratory (Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2018b) suggest that MPE PCs delay MDA formation in fish oil, an effect also exhibited by the synthetic antioxidant BHT. Other in vitro studies report that the addition of grape PCs (catechin and procyanidins) and quince extracts (containing procyanidin B dimer and hydrocycinnamic acids) prevent lipid peroxidation in the muscle of different fish species during storage (Pazos et al, 2005;Fattouch et al, 2008).…”

“…In the absence of adequate antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA concentration increases in fish muscle, which diminishes its quality. Plant extracts that are natural antioxidants have been used as dietary additives to protect tissues of fish, of commercial interest; rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), against oxidative damage to lipids and enhance fish welfare (Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2018a).…”

“…"Ataulfo" is a Mexican variety of high agronomic importance; it is used to produce juices, concentrates and snacks, but generates by-products currently considered industrial waste. Mango byproducts, such as peels, have a high PCs content which is capable of preventing lipid peroxidation of fish oil (Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2018b). There are multiple in vitro and in vivo studies reporting the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic potential of mango peel PCs (Shah et al, 2010); however, their antioxidant benefits have not been explored in fish.…”

Corn husk extracts as an antioxidant additive in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings: Effect on growth performance, feed intake and toxicity//Extractos de hoja de mazorca de maíz como aditivo antioxidante en dietas para juveniles de tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus): Efectos sobre el crecimiento, el consumo de alimento y la toxicidad

“…The use of extracts or meal from plants as feed additives for fish has intensified, due to their content of bioactive compounds such as PCs, which exhibit antioxidant properties (Catap et al, 2015;Villasante et al, 2015;Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2018;Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2019). Consequently, they could confer antioxidant capacity to the feed.…”

Corn Husk Phenolics Modulate Hepatic Antioxidant Response in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Hypoxia

“…In particular, the dissolved oxygen concentration is an important water quality criterion in intensive systems. The oxygen dissolved depletion (<2.0 mg/L) causes an insufficient O 2 supply that does not satisfy the energy demanded by the cell (hypoxia) [3], leading to reduced growth [4], suppression of the immune system, and susceptibility to contracting infectious diseases that can generate high mortality rates [5].…”