Properties of Fibers Prepared from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Use as Corrugating Medium and Fiberboard

Harsono, .; Mulyantara, Lilik Tri; Rizaluddin, Andri Taufick; Nakagawa-Izumi, Akiko; Ohi, Hiroshi; Nakamata, Keiichi

doi:10.2524/jtappij.1508

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…EFB can be utilized as a raw material for paperboard and medium density fiberboard 4) . Dissolving pulp (DP) is used as a material for manufacturing rayon and cellulose derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed Biorefinery of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Nitric Acid Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking. Production of Furfural and Dissolving Pulp

Nakagawa-Izumi

Kajiyama

Ohi

2018

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL

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Abundant waste agricultural residues such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) can provide alternative sources of biomass for producing furfural. The aims of this study were to propose a method of preparing furfural and dissolving pulp (DP) from EFB using prehydrolysis with nitric acid, and to examine how the prehydrolysate, which contains xylan, can be used for furfural production. The furfural yield in the nitric acid prehydrolysate was increased to 6.2% of the EFB material weight by dehydration with an acid catalyst. Nitric acid prehydrolysis followed by soda cooking under atmospheric pressure was also applied to the preparation of DP. The obtained pulp was then bleached by using peroxymonosulfuric acid (Psa), chlorine dioxide (D0, D1), and hydrogen peroxide (Ep) in the elementary chlorine-free Psa-D0-Ep-D1 sequence. The pulp demonstrated a brightness of 90.4% ISO and a viscosity of 6.5 cP, which met the National Standard of Indonesia, although the xylan content was a little high and the α-cellulose content was 83.0%.

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“…EFB can be utilized as a raw material for paperboard and medium density fiberboard 4) . Dissolving pulp (DP) is used as a material for manufacturing rayon and cellulose derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed Biorefinery of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Nitric Acid Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking. Production of Furfural and Dissolving Pulp

Nakagawa-Izumi

Kajiyama

Ohi

2018

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL

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“…Malaysia is the second-largest oil palm producer in the world contributing 19.9 million tonnes of crude palm oil in 2019 (Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2020) [1]. At the same time, an enormous sum of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is produced as the biomass waste, which comprises 22% to 25% of the total weight of the fresh fruit bunch [2]. This biomass waste needs to be properly disposed of, to minimize the environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to low awareness, only 30% of palm oil mills in Malaysia are involved in recycling activities of EFB [3]. EFPs are normally left rotting at the plantation sites [2], and this attracts pests and leads to fouling [4]. EFB may be used as the fuel to generate steam at the mills, the organic fertilizer, the animal fodder, the growth media for fungi and plants and the mat-making materials [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EFPs are normally left rotting at the plantation sites [2], and this attracts pests and leads to fouling [4]. EFB may be used as the fuel to generate steam at the mills, the organic fertilizer, the animal fodder, the growth media for fungi and plants and the mat-making materials [2,4,5]. However, the consumption rate is relatively low compared with its production rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Cement Bricks

Ling

Lim

Leong

et al. 2021

JACEE

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a biomass waste abundantly produced by the oil palm industry in Malaysia. To minimize the environmental impacts, it needs to be properly disposed of or being rapidly consumed as a raw material of another industry. This study investigated the feasibility of substituting EFB in cement bricks, which is in high demand by the construction industry. A total of 120 specimens having the cement-to-sand (c/s) ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:3 were produced in the laboratory. EFB fibre was used to replace 10% to 25% of sand in the mix by volume. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption after 28 days of casting. For the mix of 1:2.5 c/s ratio, 25% EFB content reduced 22% of density, decreased 59% of compressive strength and increased 43% of water absorption capacity of normal cement brick. This was mainly attributed to the porous cellular structure of EFB fibre that created a large volume of voids in the mix. Based on the feasibility evaluation, EFB fibre can only replace up to 15% and 10% of sand in the mixes of 1:2.5 and 1:3 c/s ratios respectively.

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“…The oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) comprises 22% to 25% of the total weight of FFB. Aside from those used in direct combustion to generate electricity in palm oil mills (Awalludin et al, 2015), EFB is mostly unused (Tanaka et al, 2004) and left rotting at the plantation site (Harsono et al, 2015). This leads to crucial environmental issues like attracting pests and fouling (Ismail and Yaacob, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Cement Brick with Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Silica Fume

Ling

Lim

Leong

et al. 2019

Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

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Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and silica fume (SF) are the by-products of the oil palm plantation and the ferroalloy smelting industries, respectively. Improper disposal of these materials leads to negative implication to the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the potential application of EFB and SF in cement bricks. EFB fibre and SF replaced up to 25% of sand and cement in the mix, respectively, in several groups of specimens that distinguished the normal, EFB-, SF- and EFB-SF-cement bricks. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption property. The results reveal that SF, at an optimum amount of 10% cement replacement, increased 10% of the strength of the cement brick. EFB fibre reduced the strength and density but increased water absorption property of the cement brick. For application in the construction industry, SF and EFB fibre contents should be kept within 10% and 20% respectively.

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Properties of Fibers Prepared from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Use as Corrugating Medium and Fiberboard

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Peer Reviewed Biorefinery of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Nitric Acid Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking. Production of Furfural and Dissolving Pulp

Peer Reviewed Biorefinery of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Nitric Acid Prehydrolysis Soda Cooking. Production of Furfural and Dissolving Pulp

Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Cement Bricks

Properties of Cement Brick with Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Silica Fume

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