Properties of azithromycin that enhance the potential for compliance in children with upper respiratory tract infections

Powers, Jerold L.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199609009-00006

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…9,10 Azithromycin, with a long half-life, which can be administered once weekly was thought to improve the compliance. 14 So we decided to study the effectiveness of AZT in the secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

Gopal

Harikrishnan

Sivasubramonian

et al. 2012

Indian Heart Journal

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A B S T R A C TRheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are still important problems in developing countries. Secondary prophylaxis which is the most cost-effective method in preventing recurrences of rheumatic fever is fraught with problems of drug compliance. The utility of 500 mg once weekly azithromycin (AZT), an orally effective long-acting antibiotic was evaluated against oral penicillin (phenoxy methyl penicillin 250 mg twice daily) in this study. Forty-eight consecutive patients (44% males, mean age 29.4 years) with established RHD were randomised into two groups-26 patients received AZT and 22 received oral penicillin. Patients were evaluated at randomisation, at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, clinically, serologically and by throat swab culture. End points were absence of streptococcal colonisation, infection or fever at the end of 6 months. During the study, 4 patients (15.4%) in the AZT group developed sore throat and fever, had positive throat culture and positive serology indicating streptococcal infection. None satisfied the criteria for rheumatic fever reactivation. None in the oral penicillin group developed streptococcal infection. In conclusion, weekly 500 mg of AZT is not effective in the prevention of streptococcal throat infection compared to oral penicillin therapy in adult patients with established RHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 This was because there is a referral bias for patients with mitral valve disease who were referred to our hospital for percutaneous and surgical interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

Gopal

Harikrishnan

Sivasubramonian

et al. 2012

Indian Heart Journal

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“…[97,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] Several pediatric studies on the palatability of oral preparations of antibacterial agents highlight the importance of taste in the acceptance of a much shorter duration of oral antibiotic therapy. [107][108][109] The methodology to assess children's taste preferences for oral drug formulations has not been updated with new scales or technologic tools. [110] Most importantly, evaluations comparing the palatability of common pediatric ARV drugs are not readily available.…”

Section: Palatability Of Arv Drugs In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretroviral Drugs in Pediatric HIV-Infected Patients

Phelps

Rakhmanina

2011

Pediatric Drugs

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Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been shown to achieve high therapeutic efficacy in treating pediatric HIV disease. The delivery of affordable, child friendly, and easy to store and administer ARV drugs is key to the successful management of HIV in children. In recent years, significant progress has been made in scaling up the access to pediatric ARV therapy among children worldwide. Despite the improved ARV drug access, multiple challenges remain concerning palatability and efficient delivery of ARV drugs to children from infancy into adolescence. Data are limited regarding developmental changes in pharmacokinetics of individual ARV drugs, and pediatric and adult fixed-dose combinations. This review provides a practical discussion regarding the pharmacokinetics of ARV agents in pediatric HIV-infected patients, as well as the practical challenges of currently available formulations, such as palatability of liquid formulations, challenges of crushing tablets, and using adult and pediatric fixed-dose combinations.

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“…This could lead to low compliance, adherence, and acceptability in children [213][214][215]. Therefore, the development of pediatric formulations with better palatability is one of the main issues in the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste Sensor

Toko

Tahara

Habara³

et al. 2016

Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Taste

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88 Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Taste Essentials of Machine Olfaction and TasteRecently, researchers have been attempting to develop biosensors using biological tissue such as taste cells and receptors by applying genetic engineering technologies [56][57][58]. Whereas the reproducibility and stability of usable sensors should be improved, this kind of e-tongue might be promising as a future sensing device. Suslick's group analyzed liquids such as beer and soft drinks using a colorimetric cross-sensitive sensor array that comprises multiple chemically responsive dyes [59][60][61], and furthermore, tried to identify and characterize lung cancer by measuring exhaled breath using the same principle and device [66].Electronic tongues are aimed at discriminating and analyzing foods and beverages and are well known as sensing technologies that greatly contribute to quality management. Aissy Inc., Japan, a venture from Keio University, provides accurate analysis using its original taste sensors and services useful for the development of new products and marketing in the food industry [67].There are two types of commercialized electronic tongue in the world [7,8,68]. One is the taste sensing systems SA402B and TS-5000Z (Intelligent Sensor Technology Inc., Japan), which is usually called the taste sensor, and another is the Astree II e-tongue (Alpha MOS, France). Taste Sensor 93 PrincipleMembranes of taste sensors consist of lipids, plasticizers, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The following is the procedure for fabricating a taste sensor electrode:1. The necessary types and amount of lipid(s) and plasticizer(s) are added to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and mixed for 1 h. 2. PVC is added to the solution and then mixed for another 1 h. 3. The mixture is poured in to a petri dish to dry it at room temperature for 3 days. 4. A lipid/polymer membrane approximately 200 µm thick is created in the dish and then attached to the surface of a sensor probe using a solution of 800 mg PVC and 10 ml THF as an adhesive. 5. After 2 days of drying, the taste sensor electrode is complete. Figure 4.2 shows the chemical structures of the lipids and plasticizers used [123]. Taste sensor electrodes have various characteristics depending greatly on the types and amounts of lipids and plasticizer incorporated. This will be described further in Section 4.3.6.Measurement by the taste sensor is based on the potentiometric principle, and therefore, the electrical potentials between working electrodes for taste sensing and a reference electrode are measured. These electrodes use a silver wire coated with silver chloride (AgCl). Before the measurement, these electrodes, which are filled with a solution of 3.33 M potassium chloride and saturated AgCl solution as the inner solution, should be preconditioned for at least 2 days to stabilize the electrical potential. After the preconditioning, the electrodes are connected to an amplifier to measure the electrical potentials difference and are converted to digital code by a digital voltmeter and subsequently ...

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Properties of azithromycin that enhance the potential for compliance in children with upper respiratory tract infections

Abstract: The efficacy and safety of azithromycin in otitis media and streptococcal pharyngitis, the simple dosing regimen and a highly palatable oral suspension formulation should increase compliance among pediatric patients and thereby improve clinical outcomes.

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

Once weekly azithromycin in secondary prevention of rheumatic fever

Antiretroviral Drugs in Pediatric HIV-Infected Patients

Taste Sensor

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