Propagation Channels for mmWave Vehicular Communications: State-of-the-art and Future Research Directions

Jameel, Furqan; Wyne, Shurjeel; Nawaz, Syed Junaid; Chang, Zheng

doi:10.1109/mwc.2018.1800174

Cited by 88 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…5G NOMA, mmWave, massive MIMO, and beamforming can improve physical layer security of 5G networks through co-operative jamming [58,61], which will allow secret and high-quality channel with the legitimate UEs while frustrating eavesdroppers with noisy, random, and poor channel conditions. The directional property of mmWave can be leveraged to establish and share secret keys that are unconditionally secure from the passive eavesdroppers [32,62].…”

Section: Security Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

et al. 2020

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The capacity and coverage requirements for 5G and beyond wireless connectivity will be significantly different from the predecessor networks. To meet these requirements, the anticipated deployment cost in the UK is predicted to be in between £30bn-£50bn, whereas the current annual capital expenditure (CapEX) of the mobile network operators (MNOs) is £2.5bn. This prospect has vastly impacted and has become one of the major delaying factors for building the 5G physical infrastructure, whereas other areas of 5G developments are progressing at their speeds. Due to the expensive and complicated nature of the physical network infrastructure and spectrum, the second-tier operators, widely known as mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), are entirely dependent on the MNOs. In this paper, an extensive study is conducted to explore the possibilities of reducing the 5G deployment cost and developing business models. This study suggests that the use of existing public infrastructure (e.g., streetlights, telephone poles, etc.) has a great potential to contribute to a reduction of about 40% to 60% anticipated cost for the 5G network. This paper also reviews the recent Ofcom initiatives to release location-based licenses of the 5G-compatible radio spectrum at a nominal cost. Our study suggests that simplification of infrastructure and spectrum will encourage the exponential growth of scenario-specific cellular networks and will potentially disrupt the current business models of telecommunication business stakeholders -specifically MNOs and TowerCos. These scenario-specific networks are expected to be: a) private networks, b) community networks, and c) microoperators. Furthermore, due to the feasibility of dense device connectivity with 5G, the resolution of traditional and nontraditional data availability will increase significantly. This will encourage extensive data harvesting as a business opportunity and function within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as within large social networks. Consequently, the rise of new infrastructures and spectrum stakeholders is anticipated. This will fuel the development of a 5G data exchange ecosystem where data transactions are deemed to be high-value business commodities. The privacy and security of such data, as well as definitions of the associated revenue models and ownership, are challenging areas -and these have yet to emerge and mature fully. In this direction, this paper proposes the development of a unified data hub with layered structured privacy and security along with blockchain and encrypted off-chain based ownership/royalty

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Section: Security Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

et al. 2020

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“…CD is observed to have higher value for the LoS scenario as compared to the NLoS scenarios. Dissemination of the conducted analysis for the specific scenarios of mmWave channels to the research community shall significantly help in an early convergence to establishing generalization in today's mmWave channel models [30].…”

Section: Characterization Of Sofs For Outdoor and Indoor Radio Propagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fading Statistics of mmWave (28 GHz and 38 GHz) Outdoor and Indoor Radio Propagation Channels

et al. 2019

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Extension of usable frequency spectrum from microwave to millimeter-wave (mmWave) is one of the key research directions in addressing the capacity demands of emerging 5th-generation communication networks. This paper presents a thorough analysis on the azimuthal multipath shape factors and second-order fading statistics (SOFS) of outdoor and indoor mmWave radio propagation channels. The well-established analytical relationship of plain angular statistics of a radio propagation channel with the channel’s fading statistics is used to study the channel’s fading characteristics. The plain angle-of-arrival measurement results available in the open literature for four different outdoor radio propagation scenarios at 38 GHz, as well as nine different indoor radio propagation scenarios at 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands, are extracted by using different graphical data interpretation techniques. The considered quantifiers for energy dispersion in angular domain and SOFS are true standard-deviation, angular spread, angular constriction, and direction of maximum fading; and spatial coherence distance, spatial auto-covariance, average fade duration, and level-crossing-rate; respectively. This study focuses on the angular spread analysis only in the azimuth plane. The conducted analysis on angular spread and SOFS is of high significance in designing modulation schemes, equalization schemes, antenna-beams, channel estimation, error-correction techniques, and interleaving algorithms; for mmWave outdoor and indoor radio propagation environments.

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“…Along with our proposed adaptive relay selection scheme, this paper makes the following additional contributions: 1) We propose distributed cooperative beamforming for SINR maximization in mmWave networks. Our beamforming formulation alone allows for efficient exploitation of the spatial diversity induced by dominant mmWave propagation paths, which is a consequence of the spatial propagation patterns of the mmWave medium [30]- [32]. The CSI induced by the mmWave propagation paths is optimally combined constructively at the destination, resulting in superior network QoS, without the disadvantages of multihop relaying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Beamforming With Predictive Relay Selection for Urban mmWave Communications

2019

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While millimeter wave (mmWave) communications promise high data rates, their sensitivity to blockage and severe signal attenuation presents challenges in their deployment in urban settings. To overcome these effects, we consider a distributed cooperative beamforming system, which relies on static relays deployed in clusters with similar channel characteristics, and where, at every time instance, only one relay from each cluster is selected to participate in beamforming to the destination. To meet the quality-of-service guarantees of the network, a key prerequisite for beamforming is relay selection. However, as the channels change with time, relay selection becomes a resource demanding task. Indeed, estimation of channel state information for all candidate relays, essential for relay selection, is a process that takes up bandwidth, wastes power and introduces latency and interference in the network. We instead propose a unique, predictive scheme for resource efficient relay selection, which exploits the special propagation patterns of the mmWave medium, and can be executed distributively across clusters, and in parallel to optimal beamforming-based communication. The proposed predictive scheme efficiently exploits spatiotemporal channel correlations with current and past networkwide Received Signal Strength (RSS), the latter being invariant to relay cluster size, measured sequentially during the operation of the system. Our numerical results confirm that our proposed relay selection strategy outperforms any randomized selection policy that does not exploit channel correlations, whereas, at the same time, it performs very close to an ideal scheme that uses complete, cluster size dependent RSS, and offers significant savings in terms of channel estimation overhead, providing substantially better network utilization, especially in dense topologies, typical in mmWave networks.Index Terms-mmWave, cooperative relay beamforming, relay selection, 2-hop relaying, mmWave channel modeling, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure.

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Propagation Channels for mmWave Vehicular Communications: State-of-the-art and Future Research Directions

Cited by 88 publications

References 15 publications

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

Characterization of Fading Statistics of mmWave (28 GHz and 38 GHz) Outdoor and Indoor Radio Propagation Channels

Cooperative Beamforming With Predictive Relay Selection for Urban mmWave Communications

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